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Induction of Anthurium andraeanum ‘‘Arizona’’ tetraploidby colchicine in vitroChao Chen • Xilin Hou • Hongxin Zhang •Guilan Wang • Limin TianReceived: 10 March 2010/Accepted: 28 December 2010/Published online: 22 January 2011? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011Abstract Tetraploids plants of Anthurium andraea-num‘‘Arizona’’weresuccessfullyinducedaftertreatingdiploid tissue masses with colchicine. Masses originat-ing from diploid aerial roots were treated with colchi-cine at three different concentrations (i.e., 0.1, 0.2,0.3%) for about 3, 5 and 7 h, and then were transferredinto Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3 mg/lBAP ? 0.2 mg/l2,4-D.After60 days,thesurvivalrateand numbers of regenerative shoots were scored. Thehigh concentration and longer duration sharply reducedsurvival rate. In contrast, the regeneration of plantletswas not noticeably affected by colchicine. Tetraploidplants were obtained in all treatments, but the percent-ageofinducedtetraploidsrangedfrom0.2to7.6%.Thebest induction was obtained with a 5-h, treatment with0.3% colchicine. The stomatal size of tetraploid plantswas larger than in diploid plants; however, the stomataldensity was lower than in diploid plants. Tetraploidplants possessed stronger petioles, thicker and deepergreen leaves, and thicker and longer lived spathes incomparisonwithdiploidplants.Abnormalspathes,suchas double spathes or those lacking pedicels, wereobserved in tetraploid plants. Tetraploid plantlets couldbe regenerated via aerial roots; this technique could beapplied to tetraploid plant propagation.Keywords Anthurium andraeanum ? Tetraploid ?Colchicine ? Flow cytometry ? VariationAbbreviationsBAP 6-Benzylaminopurine2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acidNAA 1-Naphtaleneacetic acidMS Murashige and Skoog (1962)PI Propidium iodideWPB Woody plant bufferIntroductionAnthurium andraeanum is highly prized as anornamental crop because of its unique colors, straightspathe, candle-like spadix, and attractive foliage. Thepopular diploid cultivars are normally developedthrough sexual hybridization. However, polyploidyoften generates variants with desirable characteristicssuch as large and showy flowers, delayed petal aging,and stronger resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Tetraploid Anthurium andraeanum plays an impor-tant role in breeding, especially if it can be crossedwith diploids and used to produce seedless triploidprogeny that have a more vigorous, higher yield (Yaoand Cohen 1996).C. Chen ? X. Hou (&)State Key Laboratory of Crop and GermplasmEnhancement, College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Chinae-mail: hxl@njau.edu.cnC. Chen ? H. Zhang ? G. Wang ? L. TianDepartment of Life Science, Tangshan Normal College,Tangshan, China123Euphytica (2011) 181:137–145DOI 10.1007/s10681-010-0344-3