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四川医学 2015 年 3 月第 36 卷( 第 3 期 )Sichuan Medical J ournal ，2015，Vo1．36，No．3 · 335 · doi：10．16252／j．enki．issnl004-0501-2015．03．019 成都市某 区六年来新生儿 出生缺陷分析 刘 梅 ，周礼英 ，吴怀勇，张志华，张倩 ，李青林 ，汪渝 ，杜彪 ，王 园 ( 成都市成华区人民医院儿科 ，妇产科 ，四川成都 610081) 论 著 【摘要】 目的对成都市某区2007 年至2013 年在我区建卡、分娩或引产孕产妇，调查其中具有缺陷新生儿及死胎 的产妇相关信息，总结近年来出生缺陷的产妇因素、检查手段、出生缺陷的发展变化情况，分析围产儿出生缺陷情况，了解 其 动态变化 ，以为进 一步做 好 出生缺 陷防控 工作提供 理论依据 。方 法通过 儿科、产科 、保健科 的登记 手册 ，对成都 市某 区2007 年至2013 年建卡、分娩或引产的孕产妇，查找其中具有出生缺陷病例 ，根据其预产期 ，分为甲乙两组。通过设计 调整袁，对具有出生缺陷病例进行回顾性问卷调查，并复习病历资料，记录其 中具有缺陷新生儿及死胎的产妇相关信息、 新生儿或引产儿及死胎的出生缺陷情况等信息。统计并分析两组计数资料。结果 近年孕产妇的保健意识可能已经得 到一定提高，乙组孕妇婚前体检、孕期定期体检、孕期补充叶酸方面均优于甲组，差异有统计学意义( P >0．05) 。出生缺 陷筛查方法主要依靠唐氏筛查、胎儿彩超检查。出生缺陷仍以眼耳面颈部畸形和隐睾、四肢指趾畸形为主。结论 近 3 年来染色体畸形发现更多，提示可能与高危因素接触有关。 【关键词】 出生缺陷；监测；发生率 【中图分类号】 R 174 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】 1004-0501( 2015)03-0 335-04 T he A nal ysis of B i rth D efects of Newbor ns D ur ing the Pa st S ix Y ea r s in a D istri ct of C heng du ．L／u M ei ，Z hou L iying ， Wu H ua iyong ，et a1．Chenghua P eople ’ S H ospi tal ，Chengdu ，S ichuan 6 10 08 1 Chi na 【Abstract】 0bjective We studied puerperae from one distri ct in Chengdu who registered，gave birth or had induced la— bor in our distri ct duri ng 2007 and 2013．For our sample，we investigated on subjects who had newborns with defects，or stillbirt hs． W e summarized the factors on puerperae to have newborns with defects．W e also summari zed the examination methods and the de- velopment of newborn defects．W e inv esti gated newborns ’defects and the dy nami c changes SO that we can have a theoretical basi s in preventing newborn defects．M eth ods W e i ncluded puerperae from one di stri ct in Chengdu who registered ，gave bi rth or had induced labor in our distri ct duri ng 2007 and 2013．All subjects were ~unded by using the registration information from pediatri cs， obstetri cs and health di visions．Puerperae with bi rth defects information were included．T hey were divided i nto two groups accord- ing to thei r due dates．W e di d retrospective survey on both groups ，studi ed their medical records ，and made records about puerperae who gave birt h to defected newborns or had stillbirths．W e used test with collected data on both groups．R esults D uri ng recent years ，maternal heal th awar eness might have increased．Puerperae in Group B were signifi cantly better than puerperae in G roup A in term s of prem ari tal med ical ex am in ation s ，p eri odic m ed ical exami nati ons d uri n g p regn ancy ，and foli c acid sup plem en tati on duri ng pregn ancy． Birt h defects screeni ng methods reli ed mainly on D own’S screeni ng and fetal uhrasound exami nati on．Birt h defects were still mainly focused on eye ，ear ，face ，or neck mal form ation ，cryptorchidism ，limbs ，fi ngers or toes deform ity ．C onclusion D uri ng the past three year s ，chromosome abnorm al iti es were found more frequently ． It might suggest that there was a correlati on with gh —ri sk con tacts． 【K ey words】 birt h defects；monit0ring；incidence 出生缺陷是指胎儿出生时存在的身体结构或者代 谢 功能上的异常 ，常常由遗传 因素 、环境 因素或者两者 共同作用于孕前或孕期所造成 。出生缺陷会给本人、 家庭及社会带来沉重负担。既往有多项调查研究重点 在于根据统计资料计算各类发生率 ，对 于同一地区缺 乏前后对 照研究。为 了总结 出生缺 陷的发生发展 规 律 ，现对成都市某区近 6 年来 384 例出生缺陷进行 分 析，了解该 区近年来 出生缺陷的变化情况 。结果报告 如下。