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RESEARCH Open Access© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modif i ed the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit h t t p : / / c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s . o r g / l i c e n s e s / b y - n c - n d / 4 . 0 / . Yilmaz et al. BMC Pulmonary Medicine (2025) 25:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03471-2BMC Pulmonary Medicine*Correspondence:Monira I. Aldhahimialdhahi@pnu.edu.saFull list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstractBackground This study investigated the acute ef f ects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IWU) on vocal performance in singers. Proper vocal and respiratory warm-up can enhance vocal range, quality, and endurance. The aim was to determine whether IWU improves maximum phonation time and pitch range, contributing to better voice production ef f i ciency (vocal ef f i ciency) and reduced fatigue.Materials and methods Singers were selected from the Samsun State Opera and the Ballet Directorate (n = 16). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the acute ef f ects. The singers in the control group (SC = 8) performed only one session of routine voice warm-up, and the experimental group (SE = 8) conducted an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IWU) of 2 sets, 30 times/set at 40% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in addition to routine voice warm-up. Subsequently, All participants were then required to perform pre- and post- pulmonary function tests, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and voice recordings (note high pitch, note low pitch, high pitch durations and low pitch durations sustained with one breath, and maximum phonation duration).Results All pulmonary function and muscle strength parameters improved in the SE group, with the highest increases in MIP (22.9%) and MEP (14.7%). No signif i cant improvements were noted in the SC group (p > 0.05). The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion showed that the SE group experienced less dif f i culty with their vocal performance after IWU (-11.6%, p = 0.006), while no signif i cant change was observed in the SC group (p = 0.316). Both warm-up methods used in the study signif i cantly af f ected the frequencies of high-pitch sounds (SE = 17.8%, SC = 10.9%, p = 0.003); however, the frequency of low-pitch sounds was not signif i cantly af f ected (p = 0.437). IWU signif i cantly af f ected the high-pitched note duration (p < 0.001; 32.17%), low-pitched note duration (p < 0.001; 27.11%), and maximum phonation time (p < 0.001; 21%), while routine voice warm-up did not signif i cantly af f ect any parameter (p > 0.05).Conclusions The combination of IWU with the general body and voice warm-up protocol can acutely improve vocal performance in terms of maximum phonation time, phonation times of the highest and lowest pitched sounds in a single breath, and vocal range levels.Keywords Inspiratory muscle warm-up, Music, Respiratory muscle strength, Pulmonary function, Vocal performanceMaximizing phonation: impact of inspiratory muscle strengthening on vocal durations and pitch rangeCo?kun Yilmaz 1 , Özgür Bostanci 2 , Özgür Eken 3 , Rania Alkahtani 4 and Monira I. Aldhahi 5*