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188宝金博页面版: Dielectric Yarns, Fabrics and Coatings

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内容提示: Chapter 4Dielectric Yarns, Fabrics and CoatingsDielectric textiles and coatings are not often mentioned. Opposite to conductive ormagnetic properties, the term “dielectric” is not even well known. Dielectricproperties, however, are important for several smart textiles, especially for textilecapacitors which may help storing energy in textiles. This chapter will thus give ashort overview of dielectricity, dielectric properties of different textiles, and someideas when to use dielectric textiles and how to...

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Chapter 4Dielectric Yarns, Fabrics and CoatingsDielectric textiles and coatings are not often mentioned. Opposite to conductive ormagnetic properties, the term “dielectric” is not even well known. Dielectricproperties, however, are important for several smart textiles, especially for textilecapacitors which may help storing energy in textiles. This chapter will thus give ashort overview of dielectricity, dielectric properties of different textiles, and someideas when to use dielectric textiles and how to measure them.4.1 What Is Dielectricity?The rules and expressions given in Chap. 2 were useful for descriptions of electriccharge transport phenomena. For dielectricity, however, insulators are necessary.Dielectric properties describe how different nonconductive textiles are inf l uencedby an electric f i eld. Since isolators have well-positioned atoms or molecules, theycan react on static or oscillating electric f i eld by deformations of electric chargedistributions localized around these atoms or molecules. This effect is calledpolarization, and it may be static or oscillating in nature.The response on static or oscillating electric f i elds is a material-dependentproperty. In the dynamic case, the atoms or ions oscillate with the same frequencyas the external electric f i eld. Hence, the material characteristics result from thefundamental, underlying effect of polarization.Polarization is an atomic-scale phenomenon. Basically, it relies on a spatialdeviation of the electric charges from the equilibrium positions of minimumenergy. In other words, polarization is a relative shift of positive and negativeelectric charges in opposite directions. There are the three distinct mechanisms ofpolarization: orientation polarization (reorientation of molecules), ionic polariza-tion, and electron polarization. Importantly, for the dynamic case, the frequencyregions adequate for the three mechanisms are as follows:© Springer International Publishing AG 2017A. Ehrmann, T. Blachowicz, Examination of Textiles with Mathematical andPhysical Methods, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-47408-3_447

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