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RESEARCH Open Access© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modif i ed the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit h t t p : / / c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s . o r g / l i c e n s e s / b y - n c - n d / 4 . 0 /.Patel et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2025) 25:289 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10686-zBMC Infectious Diseases*Correspondence:Melissa E. Badowskibadowski@uic.eduFull list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstractBackground It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of severe illness in patients who are immunocompromised as compared to the general public. To combat this issue, telemedicine was utilized to combat the issue of general access to care to decrease the risk of exposure of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various settings. However, there is very little data on adequate continuity of care (COC) and sustainability of telehealth throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. There is even less data on the ef f ects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in special populations, such as people living with human immunodef i ciency virus (PLWH) who reside in the correctional setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate rates of HIV virologic suppression (VS) and the sustainability of telemedicine throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Methods This was a retrospective, pre-post cohort study of PLWH who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) within Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC)/University of Illinois at Chicago telemedicine clinic between March 2019– March 2021. Patients who were released from IDOC or reincarcerated during the study period were excluded. The primary endpoint compared the rate of HIV VS pre-, peri-, and post-SARS-CoV-2 restrictions. Secondary endpoints included change in immunologic function pre-, peri-, and post-SARS-CoV-2 restrictions, incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, number of hospitalizations, development of virologic failure, and change in ART post-restriction. Other factors known to inf l uence COC were also collected.Results Of 320 patients screened, 225 were included. The majority were Black males (73.7%) where 95.1% had a CD4 T-cell count > 200 cells/mm 3 at baseline. Approximately 88% of patients were on a single tablet regimen, with most receiving bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (39.1%). Factors associated with disruption of COC included missed scheduled appointments (62.6%) and non-adherence to ART regimen (4.4%) in the post-restriction period. Regardless, VS (VL < 200 copies/mL) was maintained in 98.2% of people pre-pandemic, 97.8% of people peri-pandemic and 99.1% of people post-restriction.Telemedicine virologic and immunologic outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH) in a correctional setting during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemicDimple Patel 1 , Mahesh Patel 2 , Scott Borgetti 2 and Melissa E. Badowski 1*