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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Open Access© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit h t t p : / / c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s . o r g / l i c e n s e s / b y / 4 . 0 /.Matilla-Santander et al. BMC Public Health (2025) 25:2635 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23916-5BMC Public Health*Correspondence:Nuria Matilla-Santandernuria.matilla.santander@ki.seFull list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstractBackground Digital labour platforms are transforming work organization, of f ering new opportunities but also raising concerns about precarious conditions and health risks. Despite increasing attention to platform work, limited research has examined its direct impact on workers’ physical, mental, and social well-being.Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to examine current empirical studies investigating the health ef f ects of working via digital labour platforms, aiming to (i) summarize the existing evidence, (ii) pinpoint knowledge gaps, and (iii) identify areas for methodological enhancements.Methods We search for peer-reviewed studies published until December 2024 from Web of Science and PubMed, alongside grey literature. Inclusion criteria covered papers with original data, using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods, resulting in 40 included studies. A pre-established theoretical framework guided result reporting, emphasizing three characteristics af f ecting worker health: (i) business practices, (ii) employment conditions, and (iii) work environment hazards.Results In summary, literature shows a link between digital platform work and poor health. The current evidence, mainly focused on mental health and location-based platform workers, highlights factors contributing to poor physical and mental health, including low-quality employment conditions and psychosocial work environment hazards. Limited evidence suggests a correlation between business practices—algorithmic management and rating systems—and poor mental health. Knowledge gaps include the health impact of web-based platforms, especially medical consultation ones and location-based domestic and care services platforms, and less-explored outcomes like musculoskeletal pain and occupational injuries. Methodological limitations, such as low sample size and lack of control groups, were noted.Conclusions This review identif i es methodological improvements and knowledge gaps, guiding future research to comprehend the impact of digital platform work on health. As legislation evolves to enhance platform workers' job What is known about the health of location-based and online web-based digital labour platform workers? A scoping review of the literatureNuria Matilla-Santander 1,2,3* , Filippa Lundh 1 , Signild Kvart 1 , Sherry L. Baron 4 , Theo Bodin 1,5 , Jessie Gevaert 6,7 , Carin Håkansta 1,8 , Julio C. Hernando 1,2,3 , Carles Muntaner 9 and Bertina Kreshpaj 10