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Vol.:(0123456789) Discover Computing (2025) 28:14 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09506-4Discover ComputingResearchA secure smart monitoring network for hybrid energy systems using IoT, AIAnmar Yahya Taher Almihyawi 1  · Sefer kurnaz 1,2Received: 19 July 2024 / Accepted: 17 February 2025© The Author(s) 2025 OPENAbstractEnergy systems are now incorporating Internet of Things technology to make better monitoring and management of energy possible. This research study analyzes the design and implementation of a secure and smart monitoring network for hybrid energy systems using two of the most widely known Internet of Things protocols and AI, MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol). Traditional energy monitoring has latency issues, low scalability. This paper discusses an enhancement over this with MQTT and CoAP, aiming at increasing overall performance and scalability within hybrid energy frameworks. Methodologies are developed to implement the applica-tion with IoT sensors and to collect data from MQTT and CoAP protocols for further processing in the Python program-ming language. To demonstrate these improvements in ef f i ciency and reliability, the results are compared against those obtained from traditional systems. This work investigates how Internet of Things (IoT) and AI can be deployed in hybrid energy systems with advanced communication protocols to enhance observability as well as control. A total of many enhancements have been added to this system: latency by 35% has been minimized, data transmission ef f i ciency of 96.87%, a reliability increase of 28%, 25% enhancement in scalability, and 20% reduction in energy consumption.Keywords Secure smart monitoring · Hybrid energy · Internet of Things (IoT), AI · Energy management · Predictive analytics · Renewable energy1 IntroductionAccording to [1], such integration of renewable energy sources into conventional power systems has fostered the devel-opment of hybrid energy systems combining several energy sources to provide improved reliability, ef f i ciency, and sustainability. A balanced supply of energy is usually achieved through the pooling of conventional sources, like diesel generators, with renewable sources like wind and solar. Be that as it may, dealing with the intricacies of hybrid energy frameworks presents huge dif f i culties, especially in checking, information assortment, and ongoing control as speci-f i ed in [2]. With the Internet of Things, however, energy system parts will be able to talk to one another in real-time, hence helping to monitor and manage energy ef f ectively. Hybrid energy sources combine multiple energies to enhance their ef f i ciency, reliability, and sustainability. Monitoring is one of the challenges in multi-energy systems besides data collection. Real-time monitoring and control has been revolutionized by the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) in energy systems. In this article, we talk about two common communication protocols within IoT environments namely MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol). MQTT is a lightweight, * Anmar Yahya Taher Almihyawi, Enganmaryahya@gmail.com | 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Altinba? University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey. 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Altinba? University, Istanbul, Turkey.