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FISH with whole chromosome and telomeric probes demonstrateshuge karyotypic reorganization with ITS between two speciesof Oryzomyini (Sigmodontinae, Rodentia): Hylaeamysmegacephalus probes on Cerradomys langguthi karyotypeCleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi & Julio Cesar Pieczarka &Patricia Caroline Mary O’Brien & Jamilly Amaral Pinto &Stella Miranda Malcher & Adenilson Leão Pereira &Jorge das Dores Rissino & Ana Cristina Mendes-Oliveira &Rogério Vieira Rossi & Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-SmithReceived: 12 December 2012 /Revised: 14 February 2013 /Accepted: 18 February 2013 /Published online: 14 March 2013#Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013Abstract Rodentia comprises 42 % of living mam-malian species. The taxonomic identification can bedifficult, the number of species currently known prob-ably being underestimated, since many species showonly slight morphological variations. Few studies sur-veyed the biodiversity of species, especially in theAmazon region. Cytogenetic studies show great chro-mosomal variability in rodents, with diploid numbersranging from 10 to 102, making it difficult to findchromosomal homologies by comparative G banding.Chromosome painting is useful, but only a few speciesof rodents have been studied by this technique. In thisstudy, we sorted whole chromosome probes byfluorescence-activated cell sorting from two Hylaeamysmegacephalusindividuals,anadultfemale (2n=54) andafetus (2n=50). We made reciprocal chromosome paintingbetween these karyotypes and cross-species hybridizationon Cerradomys langguthi (2n=46). Both species belongChromosome Res (2013) 21:107–119DOI 10.1007/s10577-013-9341-4Responsible Editor: Fengtang Yang.Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi and Julio Cesar Pieczarkacontributed equally to this paper.C. Y. Nagamachi:J. C. Pieczarka:J. A. Pinto:S. M. Malcher:A. L. Pereira:J. das Dores RissinoLaboratório de Citogenética, ICB,Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, BrazilC. Y. Nagamachi:J. C. PieczarkaCNPq Researchers, Brasilia, BrazilP. C. M. O’Brien:M. A. Ferguson-SmithCambridge Resource Centre for ComparativeGenomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKA. C. Mendes-OliveiraLaboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia de Vertebrados,ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, BrazilR. V. RossiDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto deBiociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso,Mato Grosso, BrazilC. Y. Nagamachi (*)Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federaldo Pará, Campus do Guamá, Av. Perimetral, s/n. Guamá,66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazile-mail: cleusanagamachi@gmail.comC. Y. Nagamachie-mail: cleusanagamachi@pq.cnpq.br