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ORIGINAL PAPERFive-month comparative efficacy evaluation of threeectoparasiticidesagainstadultcatfleas(Ctenocephalidesfelis),fleaegg hatch and emergence, and adult brown dog ticks(Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on dogs housed outdoorsMarie Varloud & Elizabeth HodgkinsReceived: 31 October 2014 /Accepted: 15 December 2014 /Published online: 30 December 2014#The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.comAbstract This study was designed to compare the efficacy ofthree topical combinations on dogs in outdoor conditionsagainst adult cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatchand emergence, and against adult brown dog ticks(Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). Treatment was per-formedonday0withaplacebo;dinotefuran,pyriproxifenandpermethrin (DPP); fipronil and (S)-methoprene (FM) orimidacloprid and permethrin (IP). Dogs (n=32), housed out-doors for 7 months, were treated monthly for four consecutivemonths (on days 0, 30, 60 and 90) and infested with ~100unfedadultfleasondays14,55,74,115and150andwith~50unfed adult ticks on days 28, 44, 88 and 104. Adult fleas werecounted and removed 24 h after infestation. Immediately afterflea removal, dogs were reinfested with ~100 new adult fleas72 h prior to egg collection for up to 48 h. Flea eggs wereincubated for 32 days, and newly emerged adults were count-ed. Ticks were counted and removed 48 h after each infesta-tion. FM had >90 % efficacy against fleas at each time pointand variable efficacy against ticks (38.0–99.6 %). Efficacy ofIP was <90 % against fleas at day 64 and against ticks at day30 of the first post-treatment. No flea eggs were laid in thetreated groups until infestation was carried out >60 days afterthe last treatment. Despite challenging weather conditions,DPP was highly effective, providing >90 % efficacy againstadult ticks as well as adult and immature fleas at every timepoint of the study.Keywords Catflea.Ctenocephalidesfelis.Browndogtick.Rhipicephalussanguineussensulato.Acaricidalefficacy.InsecticidalefficacyIntroductionFleas and ticks are common and widespread blood-feedingectoparasites which afflict dogs and cats. The cat fleaCtenocephalides felis is a prolific insect, and its population ismostly constituted by immature stages that infest the animal’senvironment. Regular and challenging infestations can easilybe established from visiting and infested animals. On the ani-mal, the adult cat flea can impair welfare of the host by gradualirritation and pruritus which can turn into flea bite hypersensi-tivity. It is also a competent vector for numerous diseases,including potentially zoonotic organisms such as Dipylidiumcaninum (Pugh 2001), Rickettsia felis (Wedincamp and Foil,2000) or Bartonella spp. (Bouhsira et al. 2012a). The browndog tick Riphicephalus sanguineus sensu lato is a monotropicthree-hosttickabletoperformeachstageondogs,evenindoors(Dantas-Torres 2010). It is widely distributed worldwide andwithin North America. In addition to causing blood loss andirritation, this tick is identified as a vector for different patho-gens such as filaroids (Cercopithifilaria (Otranto et al. 2012)),protozoa (Babesia (Liebisch and Gillani 1979)) and bacteria(Ehrlichia canis (Aguiar et al. 2007; Wikswo et al. 2007)). Rsanguineus is also suspected of being involved in the transmis-sion of Hepatozoon canis (Nordgren and Craig 1984),Anaplasma platys (Ramos et al. 2014), Rickettsia (Trotta et al.2012), Bartonella (Wikswo et al. 2007) and Coxiella burnetii(Bernasconi et al.2002).These pathogens canalsobe transmit-ted to humans. Toprotect companion animals from infestationsby these parasites and to reduce the risk of zoonoticM. Varloud (*)Ceva Santé Animale S. A, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière,33500 Libourne, Francee-mail: marie.varloud@ceva.comE. HodgkinsCeva Animal Health LLC, 8735 Rosehill Road, Suite 300, Lenexa,KS 66215, USAParasitol Res (2015) 114:965–973DOI 10.1007/s00436-014-4262-5