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RESEARCHArchives of Women's Mental Health (2026) 29:114 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-026-01749-4Extended author information available on the last page of the articleAbstractPurpose Child maltreatment experiences may impact both mental and physical health in pregnancy and are associated with increased interpersonal dif f i culties. However, facets of psychosocial and physical health are interrelated, making it dif f i cult to identify ef f ects of maltreatment experiences. Therefore, this study aims to improve our understanding of how experi-ences of childhood maltreatment are associated with perinatal bio-psycho-social health employing an exploratory network approach. The analysis focused on whether there are dif f erential ef f ects of maltreatment subtypes, namely physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as physical and emotional neglect.Method N = 131 pregnant women (gestational age of 10–20 weeks) answered questionnaires on their own child maltreat-ment experiences, depressive and anxiety symptoms, maternal-foetal attachment, social support and couple relationship quality. Additionally, medical information was collected from their maternity passports. We estimated a regularized partial correlation network to model the associations between these variables.Results Maltreatment experiences were associated with lower prenatal social support and higher prenatal depression scores, but not with pregnancy-related anxiety, maternal-foetal attachment and prenatal relationship quality. A link between mal-treatment and medical risk emerged only in a reduced network model including only emotional child maltreatment subtypes, but not physical or sexual maltreatment. Among subtypes, emotional abuse and emotional neglect emerged as most central in the network.Conclusion Emotional abuse and neglect experiences may function as risk factors for biopsychosocial health in early preg-nancy. Thus, maltreatment experiences should be examined carefully in medical history. Their ef f ects, especially regarding perceived social support, need to be addressed in prenatal care by gynaecologists and midwives.Keywords Abuse and neglect · Adverse childhood experiences · Prenatal risk · Transition to parenthood · Perinatal depression · Social supportReceived: 15 July 2025 / Accepted: 11 August 2026© The Author(s) 2026Mapping links between childhood maltreatment and biopsychosocial health in pregnancy: a network analysisJana Katharina Ray 1,2  · Anna-Lena Zietlow 2  · Julia Ditzer 2  · David Kolar 3  · Monique Stenzel 4,5  · Julia Téoule 1  · Marc Sütterlin 1  · Martin Lablans 4,5  · Barbara Filsinger 1,62005). Across these subtypes, childhood maltreatment has profound ef f ects on individuals’ physical (Chen et al. 2023; Danese and Tan 2014; Kerr et al. 2021) and mental health (Green et al. 2010; Li et al. 2016; Zeanah and Humphreys 2018) around the globe. These ef f ects unfold through several mechanisms, such as impacted stress management and emo-tion regulation (Gruhn and Compas 2020; McLaughlin et al. 2015; Miu et al. 2022) – coping mechanisms highly required in critical life periods like pregnancy. Consequently, preg-nancy may pose mental and physical health challenges even for those who have so far successfully coped after CM.Pregnancy and the transition to motherhood are pivotal periods for women’s health. Life transition phases are typi-cally accompanied by heightened vulnerability (Daskala-kis et al. 2013), as evident in the substantial prevalence of mental health problems among pregnant women worldwide (Nielsen-Scott et al. 2022; Woody et al. 2017). An impor-tant transdiagnostic risk factor complicating transitions is a history of childhood maltreatment (CM). A widely accepted framework distinguishes between fi ve maltreatment sub-types: emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as emotional and physical neglect (Herrenkohl 2005; Manly