188宝金博页面版

Accepted: 17 December 2024 / Published online: 2 January 2025© The Author(s) 2024 Stefan Wrzaczekwrzaczek@iiasa.ac.atLuca Lambertiniluca.lambertini@unibo.it1 Department of Economics and Alma Climate Research Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria3 Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OeAW, University of Vienna), Vienna, AustriaIndividual and Firm Taxation in a CO 2  Emitting EconomyLuca Lambertini 1  · Stefan Wrzaczek 2,3Environmental and Resource Economics (2025) 88:2763–2789https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-024-00952-0AbstractTypical problems of negative ef f ects of CO 2 emissions are that (i) they are suf f ered and generated not by the same agent and that (ii) individuals consider them as too small to inf l uence the aggregated ef f ect. Additionally, only little is known about how the behavior depends on the age-composition of a population and individual age-dependent life-cycle ef f ects. We address these issues by an overlapping generations (OLG) structured popula-tion and a fi rm sector producing a homogeneous fi nal consumption good. While fi rms gen-erate CO 2 emission during the production process, individuals suf f er from the aggregated ef f ect. We analyze the dif f erence between the decentralized market and the social welfare solution and study to which extent social optimality can be attained with dif f erent taxes on individual consumption and/or production. We fi nd that fi rm taxation is always suf-f i cient to reach the socially optimal level of CO 2 emissions. A social optimal distribution of consumption across cohorts, however, can only be attained by fi rm taxes in the steady state. In the general case, i.e., along a dynamic transitional path, additionally age-specif i c individual taxation is needed.Keywords OR in environment and climate change · OLG-structured population · Social optimal solution · Tax schemes1 3