Designation: E3185 − 21 (Reapproved 2026)Standard Digital Reference Images forTin Bronze Castings 1This standard is issued under the f i xed designation E3185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These digital reference images illustrate variouscategories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occur-ring in tin bronze and related alloy castings. The digitalreference images are an adjunct to this document and must bepurchased separately from ASTM International if needed (seeSection 2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinu-ity type represented by these digital reference images aredescribed in 1.2.N OTE 1—The basis of application for these reference images requires aprior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributesand classif i cation criterion described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of thisstandard.1.2 These digital reference images consist of twenty-two2 1 ⁄ 2 in. by 5 1 ⁄ 2 in. (63.5 mm by 139.7 mm) nominal size repro-ductions originally exposed with low voltage X rays. Fifteen ofthese images were produced with 1 in. (25.4 mm) plate castingsand seven (sand inclusions, inserts, chaplets) were producedwith3 ⁄ 4 in. plate castings originally derived for NAVSHIPS250-537-1 and -2. The 1 in. plate castings address gas porosity,linear shrinkage, and feathery shrinkage discontinuity types.The original radiographs illustrate discontinuities in sand cast88:8:4 Cu-Sn-Zn, “G” type, bronze alloy plates and arerepresentative of those found in wide solidif i cation rangecopper-tin base alloys. The categories, types, and severitylevels for the adjunct digital reference images of this standardare shown in 1.2.1 to 1.2.5:1.2.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).1.2.2 Category B—Sand inclusions; severity levels 1through 5 for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).1.2.3 Category C—Shrinkage; two types:1.2.3.1 Ca—Linear shrinkage; severity levels 1 through 5for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).1.2.3.2 Cd—Feathery and spongy shrinkage (see Note 2);severity levels 1 through 5 for thicknesses up to and including2 in. (50.8 mm).N OTE 2—The feathery shrinkage discontinuity type is used to illustrateaggregate severity levels for either feathery or spongy shrinkage discon-tinuity types (see 5.1).1.2.4 Category D—Hot tear; one illustration.1.2.5 Category E—Inserts, chaplets; one illustration.1.3 All areas of this standard may be subject to agreementbetween the cognizant engineering organization and thesupplier, or specif i c direction from the cognizant engineeringorganization. These items should be addressed in the purchaseorder or the contract.1.4 These digital reference images are not intended toillustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in tinbronze castings when performing f i lm radiography. If perform-ing f i lm radiography of tin bronze castings, refer to ReferenceRadiographs E310.1.5 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall beutilized for production examination. A copy of the ASTM/userlicense agreement shall be kept on f i le for audit purposes (seeNote 3).N OTE 3—The digital reference images consist of a set of digital imagef i les, software to load the desired format, and specif i c instructions on theloading process. The 22 reference images illustrate four categories ofgraded discontinuities (1.2.1 (gas porosity), 1.2.2 (sand inclusion), 1.2.3.1(linear shrinkage), and 1.2.3.2 (feathery shrinkage)) and two categories ofungraded discontinuities (1.2.4 (hot tear) and 1.2.5 (inserts)) and containan image of a step wedge. Available from ASTM InternationalHeadquarters, Order No: RRE3185.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 These digital reference images are under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeE07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE07.02 on Reference Radiological Images.Current edition approved July 1, 2026. Published July 2026. Originally approvedin 2021. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E3185 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/E3185-21R26.Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1
