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    188宝金博页面版: AMERICAN SAMOA INTRODUCTION by Richard D Volk Area

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    内容提示： AMERICAN SAMOA INTRODUCTION by Richard D. Volk Area: 200.47 sq.km. Population: 47,600 (1990 Census, U.S. Census Bureau). American Samoa is an unincorporated flag territory of the United States. It lies in the central South Pacific approximately 4,160 km south-southwest of Honolulu and 2,880 km northeast of Auckland. The territory consists of seven principal islands: five inhabited high islands, one inhabited atoll and one uninhabited atoll. Covering an area of 135 sq.km and with a population of over 40,0...

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    AMERICAN SAMOA INTRODUCTION by Richard D. Volk Area: 200.47 sq.km. Population: 47,600 (1990 Census, U.S. Census Bureau). American Samoa is an unincorporated flag territory of the United States. It lies in the central South Pacific approximately 4,160 km south-southwest of Honolulu and 2,880 km northeast of Auckland. The territory consists of seven principal islands: five inhabited high islands, one inhabited atoll and one uninhabited atoll. Covering an area of 135 sq.km and with a population of over 40,000, Tutuila (14°18'S, 170°41'W) is the governmental and economic centre of American Samoa. This island and the small offshore island of Aunu'u are home for 96% of the population. Most of the remaining 4% reside on the three islands of the Manu'a group, Ta'u (44 sq.km), Ofu (8 sq.km) and Olosega (5 sq.km), situated about 130 km east-southeast of Tutuila. Tutuila, Aunu'u and the Manu'a group are high volcanic islands of non-continental origin. They rise precipitously from the ocean, and feature narrow coastal strips of relatively flat land and rugged, mountainous interiors. Only 34% of Tutuila's land area has a slope of less than 30%. The other two principal islands are low-lying atolls: Swain's Island (2.1 sq.km), some 360 km north of Tutuila, and Rose Atoll (8 ha), 260 km east of Tutuila. Swain's Island is a raised atoll with a large enclosed lagoon. Until recently, the island was used for the production of copra and supported a population of several hundred workers. However, copra is no longer exported and only about ten inhabitants remain on the island. Rose Atoll is a typical atoll with two tiny islets, Rose Island and Sand Island, a large inner lagoon and extensive fringing reefs. This uninhabited atoll supports a large breeding colony of seabirds and is a nesting area for two species of marine turtles. The entire atoll, an area of 650 ha, was declared a National Wildlife Refuge in 1973, and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (IUCN, 1991). American Samoa's climate is warm, humid and tropical, with a mean annual rainfall of 5,080 mm and precipitation occurring on an average of 300 days per year. The rainy season is from November to March; the dry season from June to September. Air temperatures range annually between 21°C and 32°C. Southeast trade winds reach their peak between June and August, and tropical depressions with occasional cyclone development (winds of up to 240 km/hr) occur during the austral summer, usually between December and March. Summary of Wetland Situation American Samoa has both saltwater and freshwater swamps and marshes, as well as cultivated and ruderal wetlands and a number of perennial streams. Much the most important wetlands are the mangrove swamps and coastal freshwater marshes. Mangroves reach their eastern limit in the Central Pacific on Tutuila and Aunu'u, and are absent from the Manu'a Islands. American Samoa lies within a small triangle in the south-central Pacific where the oriental mangrove, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, have intersecting ranges. The local form of the red mangrove, R. m. samoensis, is recognized by some authors as a distinct species

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