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http://www.cibj.com/应用与环境生物学报 Chin J Appl Environ Biol 2016，22 ( 3 ) : 0430-04362016-06-25 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2015.10012收稿日期 Received: 2015-10-12 接受日期 Accepted: 2015-12-06*中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA05020803，XDA05020800）和国家自然科学基金面上项目（21377137）资助 Supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program Grant (XDA05020803, XDA05020800) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377137)**通讯作者 Corresponding author (E-mail: xglin@issas.ac.cn)不同处理方式的粪肥对水稻生长和温室气体排放的影响 *周贝贝 1, 2 王一明 1 林先贵 1**1 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 南京 2100082 中国科学院大学 北京 100049摘 要 通过水稻盆栽试验研究施用新型快腐粪肥、条垛堆肥和未经处理鲜粪对水稻产量和养分利用效率以及CH 4 和N 2 O等温室气体排放的影响，同时设置不施肥对照，评估不同处理方式粪肥的肥效和环境效应. 结果表明：施用快腐粪肥可以明显促进水稻生长、增加水稻产量，且增产效果显著高于鲜粪和条垛堆肥（P < 0.05）；等量和等氮施用快腐粪肥处理的水稻产量分别比鲜粪和条垛堆肥处理增加38.72%、35.80%和44.67%、41.63%. 与鲜粪和条垛堆肥相比，等量和等氮条件下施用快腐粪肥其氮、磷、钾养分的农学利用效率和当季利用效率显著增加（P < 0.05）. 施用条垛堆肥处理的CH 4 、N 2 O排放以及单位产量全球增温潜势（GHGI）均为最低. 施用鲜粪显著增加CH 4 排放，而N 2 O排放增加不显著（P > 0.05），其GHGI显著高于条垛堆肥和快腐粪肥（P < 0.05）；鲜粪经快速物化促腐处理后施用可以显著减少CH 4 排放（P < 0.05），虽然N 2 O排放有增加趋势，但其GHGI显著降低（P < 0.05）. 因此，物化促腐技术处理快速、经济高效、环保低碳，可广泛应用于畜禽养殖场的粪便处理和有机肥生产. （图1 表5 参40）关键词 水稻；有机肥；新型快腐粪肥；养分利用效率；CH 4 ；N 2 OCLC X713Effects of differently treated manures on rice growth and greenhouse gas emission *ZHOU Beibei 1,2 , WANG Yiming 1 & LIN Xiangui 1**1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaAbstract An 18-week greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of non-composted manure (NCM), commonly composted manure (CCM), and rapidly composted manure (RCM) on rice yield, NPK use eff i ciency and paddy CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, with the treatment of no fertilizer as control. The NPK concentrations of rice straw and grain were measured to investigate the nutrient use eff i ciency of different treatments. The closed chamber method was used to monitor CH 4 and N 2 O emissions during rice growth. In comparison with NCM and CCM amendments, equal amount- and equal nitrogen (N)-RCM amendments significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced rice growth by 38.72% and 35.80%, respectively, and at the same time increased grain yield by 44.67% and 41.63%, respectively. Both equal amount- and equal N-RCM amendments signif i cantly increased apparent recovery eff i ciency (RE) and agronomic eff i ciency (AE) of NPK, and signif i cantly improved nutrients absorption (P < 0.05). CCM amendment did not increase CH 4 or N 2 O emissions, and the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was also the lowest. On the contrary, NCM amendment resulted in signif i cant increase of CH 4 emission (P < 0.05) and a little increase in N 2 O emission. The GHGI of NCM treatment was the highest. RCM amendment could significantly mitigate CH 4 emission (P < 0.05) but had the potential to increase N 2 O emission. However, in comparison with NCM treatment, equal amount- and equal N-RCM amendments signif i cantly decreased GHGIs by 61.40% and 68.29%, respectively. The result indicated that compared to NCM, RCM application can not only signif i cantly enhance rice growth and increase grain yield, but also signif i cantly decrease both CH 4 emission and GHGI. In addition, the production of RCM is rapid (2–3 h). Therefore, the handling method of RCM is worth expansion in livestock manure treatment. Keywords rice; organic fertilizer; rapidly composted manure; nutrient use eff i ciency; CH 4 ; N 2 O