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    188宝金博页面版: Estimation of photovoltaic conversion efficiency of a building integrated photovoltaicthermal (BIPVT) collector array using an a

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    内容提示： Estimation of photovoltaic conversion ef f i ciency of a buildingintegrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collector array usingan artif i cial neural networkF. Ghani? , M. Duke, J.K. CarsonDepartment of Engineering, Waikato University, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandReceived 26 March 2012; received in revised form 29 July 2012; accepted 3 September 2012Available online 9 October 2012Communicated by: Associate Editor Brian NortonAbstractEarlier studies have shown that the thermal ef f i ciency of a solar therma...

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    Estimation of photovoltaic conversion ef f i ciency of a buildingintegrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collector array usingan artif i cial neural networkF. Ghani⇑ , M. Duke, J.K. CarsonDepartment of Engineering, Waikato University, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandReceived 26 March 2012; received in revised form 29 July 2012; accepted 3 September 2012Available online 9 October 2012Communicated by: Associate Editor Brian NortonAbstractEarlier studies have shown that the thermal ef f i ciency of a solar thermal collector is inf l uenced by the quality of coolant f l ow distri-bution within the array. The quality of f l ow distribution within a header/riser type f l uid network is inf l uenced by a number of parametersincluding the coolant mass f l ow rate, the direction of f l ow in the manifolds, and most importantly the geometry of the array. As a build-ing integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) collector will be a made to measure product, meaning its dimensions will be dictated by thespecif i c roof i ng and energy requirements of the customer, the issue of f l ow distribution and its ef f ect on both thermal and photovoltaicperformance raises some concern. In order to quantify the detrimental ef f ect f l ow distribution may have on the photovoltaic output of aBIPVT array, a numerical approach was presented by authors in earlier work where factors known to inf l uence f l ow distribution werevaried. The authors demonstrated that photovoltaic output may be severely hindered if the issue of f l ow distribution is not adequatelyaddressed. In this new study we use this numerical method to additionally show that photovoltaic output is not always improved byreducing the f i n width W (by increasing the number of risers for each module) despite the theoretical rise in f i n ef f i ciency F as a conse-quence of f l ow distribution. Under certain scenarios it was shown that a single riser will in fact improve PV output and also reduce sys-tem installation cost and complexity. The combination of these new f i nding and results previously obtained by the authors highlights theneed in selecting the optimal design parameters to meet the specif i c requirements of each installation. The numerical approach carried outto calculate PV output however was time consuming and computationally intensive and therefore not feasible to perform for each andevery customer. To address this issue, the authors have proposed in this paper to train an artif i cial neural network which can be used toapproximate the photovoltaic yield of an array of specif i ed shape operating under parallelnreverse f l ow in the manifolds and also withone or two f l uid channels cooling each string of cells. By approximating the yield for each scenario, the optimal conf i guration can then bechosen. It was found that the neural network can be successfully trained for this specif i c application of f ering a fast alternative to theoriginal numerical approach.? 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Flow distribution; Photovoltaic; Thermal; Artif i cial neural network; Building integrated; Solar thermal1. IntroductionAs a result of growing concern for the environmentregarding the ef f ect of greenhouse gas emissions, humankind is actively seeking an alternative to fossil fuel basedenergy generation. Of all the renewable energy technologieswhich exist today, solar energy has greatest potential inmeeting our growing energy needs since it is an abundantand essentially inexhaustible supply of energy. It has beenstated elsewhere that in a single hour, the total irradiationreceived on earth from the sun is suf f i cient in meeting the0038-092X/$ - see front matter ? 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.09.001⇑Corresponding author. Tel.: +64 7 838 4522.E-mail address: fag2@waikato.ac.nz (F. Ghani).www.elsevier.com/locate/solenerAvailable online at www.sciencedirect.comSolar Energy 86 (2012) 3378–3387

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