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    188宝金博页面版: Physiological effects of chronic silver exposure in Daphnia magna

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    内容提示： Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 133 (2002) 137–1451532-0456/02/$ - see front matter ? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.PII: S1532-0456 ? 02 . 00088-1Physiological effects of chronic silver exposure in Daphnia magna ?Adalto Bianchini *, Chris M. Wooda, bFundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Rua Eng. Alfredo Huch, 475,a??? ?96.201-900 Rio Grande, RS, BrazilMcMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilt...

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    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 133 (2002) 137–1451532-0456/02/$ - see front matter ? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.PII: S1532-0456 ? 02 . 00088-1Physiological effects of chronic silver exposure in Daphnia magna ?Adalto Bianchini *, Chris M. Wooda, bFundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Rua Eng. Alfredo Huch, 475,a¸˜ˆ ´96.201-900 Rio Grande, RS, BrazilMcMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1bReceived 24 December 2001; received in revised form 24 May 2002; accepted 28 May 2002AbstractDaphnia magna were exposed to a total concentration of 5.0"0.04 mg Agyl, added as AgNO (dissolved concentration,3as defined by 0.45 mm filtrations2.0"0.01 mg Agyl) in moderately hard synthetic water under static conditions (totalorganic carbons4.80"1.32 mgyl) with daily feeding and water renewal, for 21 days. There was no mortality in controldaphnids and 20% mortality in silver-exposed animals. Silver exposure caused a small but significant reduction ofreproductive performance manifested as a 13.7% decrease in the number of neonates produced per adult per reproductionday over the 21-day exposure. However, silver exposed daphnids also exhibited a much more marked ionoregulatorydisturbance, which was characterized by a 65% decrease in whole body Na concentration, and an 81% inhibition ofqunidirectional whole body Na uptake. Previous work on the acute toxicity of Ag to daphnids has shown that Naq q quptake inhibition is directly related to inhibition of Na ,K -ATPase activity. Therefore, we suggest that the Na uptakeq q qinhibition seen in response to chronic silver exposure was explained by an inhibition of the Na channels at the apicalq‘gill’ membrane, since a 60% increase in whole body Na ,K -ATPase activity was observed in the chronically silver-q qexposed daphnids. Our findings demonstrate that, in broad view, the key mechanism involved in chronic silver toxicityin D. magna, the most acutely sensitive freshwater organism tested up to now, resembles that described for acutetoxicity—i.e. ionoregulatory disturbance associated with inhibition of active Na uptake, though the fine details mayqdiffer. Our results provide encouragement for future extension of the current acute version of the Biotic Ligand Model(BLM) to one that predicts chronic silver toxicity for environmental regulation and risk assessment. The results stronglysuggest that Na uptake inhibition is the best endpoint to determine sensitivity to both acute and chronic toxicity in theqscope of future versions of the BLM for silver.? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biotic Ligand Model; Chronic toxicity; Daphnia magna; Ionoregulation; Na ,K -ATPase; Reproductive inhibition; Silver;q qSodium balance? This paper is the outcome of discussions on the Biotic Ligand Model held during the November 2001 SETAC Annual Meetingin Baltimore, MD, USA.*Corresponding author. Tel.: q55-53-233-8655; fax: q55-53-233-8680.E-mail address: adalto@octopus.furg.br (A. Bianchini).

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