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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Open AccessBMC PsychologyPopucza et al. BMC Psychology (2026) 14:1136 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05277-9The inf l uence of age on emotion-regulatory strategies, emotional work demands, and health/work outcomes: a systematic PRISMA literature review with narrative synthesisTímea Zsuzsanna Popucza 1* , Lars Eriksson 1 , Bernice Skytt 2,3 , Anna Bjärtå 4 and Mårten Eriksson 1 * C o r r e s p o n d e n c e : Tímea Zsuzsanna Popuczatimea.zsuzsanna.popucza@hig.seFull list of author information is available at the end of the article© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit h t t p : / / c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s . o r g / l i c e n s e s / b y / 4 . 0 / . AbstractBackground An increasing age of the workforce necessitates a better understanding of age-related dif f erences in emotions at work to inform age-inclusive workplace policies and practices. This review critically evaluates how age relates to emotion-regulatory strategies at work (emotional labour and emotion regulation), emotional work demands, and associated health and work outcomes.Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies examining relationships between age, emotion-regulatory strategies, emotional work demands, and health/work outcomes. A completed PRISMA 2020 checklist is provided in the Supplementary Materials. Twenty-six studies were included and synthesized narratively.Results Across studies, no generalisable pattern of age-related dif f erences emerged. While several studies reported age dif f erences in the associations between emotion-regulatory strategies and health or work outcomes, often indicating comparatively more favourable outcomes among older workers, these fi ndings were not consistently observed across studies, with some studies reporting reversed or null ef f ects. Moreover, studies reporting age dif f erences varied in what aspect these dif f erences ref l ected, including variation in the frequency or type of strategies used, as well as dif f erences in how these strategies related to outcomes across age. Similarly, associations between emotional work demands and outcomes varied by age in some studies but did not follow a uniform pattern. Overall, the evidence suggests that while age-related dif f erences in these associations are sometimes observed, they are inconsistent, not systematically associated with advantage or disadvantage for any age group, and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Conclusion Age did not emerge as a robust determinant of how emotion-regulatory strategies or emotional work demands relate to health and work outcomes. The fi ndings underscore the need for more integrative, theoretically