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第 35 卷第 18 期 生 态 学 报 Vol.35 , No.18 2015 年 9 月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Sep. ,2015 http://www.ecologica.cn DOI:10.5846/stxb201401090071 施肥和杂草多样性对土壤微生物群落的影响? 孙 锋1 , 赵灿灿1 , 何琼杰1 , 吕会会1 , 管奕欣1 , 谷艳芳1,2,* 1 河南大学生命科学学院, 开封 475004 2 河南大学生态科学和技术研究所, 开封 475004 摘要：常年使用化肥和除草剂以及农业新技术的高投入，使我国粮食主产区耕地出现了生产力降低、土壤生物多样性失调和污染严重等生态问题。 本研究采用磷脂脂肪酸方法来评估施肥和杂草多样性对冬小麦土壤微生物群落结构的影响。 实验采用裂区实验设计，施肥作为主因素，杂草多样性作为次因素。化肥和有机肥两个施肥处理，在两个施肥处理中进行杂草多样性设置，实验盆中心种植作物（冬小麦 8 株） ，四周种植杂草（8 株） ，杂草种类选择野燕麦、苜蓿、菊苣、播娘蒿。杂草多样性处理设为 0、1、2、4 种杂草处理，0 种杂草处理仅种植作物，有 6 盆；1 种杂草处理为每盆种 1 种杂草，有 12 盆；2 种杂草处理为每盆种两种杂草，有 12 盆；4 种杂草处理为每盆种 4 种杂草，有 6 盆。结果表明：在两种施肥处理中，增加杂草多样性显著增加了土壤碳氮比和 pH 值，碳氮比都是在 4 种杂草处理中最高。施化肥处理中，增加杂草多样性显著影响真菌和细菌比，真菌和细菌比在 4 种杂草处理中最大，显著高于 0、1、2 种杂草处理。在施有机肥处理中，增加杂草多样性显著影响阳性菌和阴性菌比，阳性菌和阴性菌比在 0 种杂草处理中最低，显著低于 1、2、4 种杂草处理。在两个施肥处理中，土壤碳氮比与各类群微生物量显著相关， 杂草多样性通过改变土壤碳氮比改变微生物群落构成， 并且微生物群落结构转变方式不同。 关键词：PLFA; 施肥; 杂草多样性; 主要农作物 Effects of fertilization and diversity of weed species on the soil microbial community SUN Feng1, ZHAO Cancan1, HE Qiongjie1, LÜ Huihui1, GUAN Yixin1, GU Yanfang1,2,* 1 College of Life science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China 2 Institute of Ecological Science and Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China Abstract: Farmland ecosystems provide primary production, including food, feed, fiber and other natural products for humanity. Species diversity constitutes an important material foundation in farmland ecosystems, whereas human activities greatly accelerate the loss rate of species. Considerable evidence shows that agricultural management threatens biodiversity and negatively affects species richness and abundance of taxa. In major grain producing areas, reductions in productivity and soil biodiversity and serious pollution problems occur because of fertilizer and pesticide use as well as new agricultural technologies. Conservation of biological diversity is considered to be an important strategy to reduce risks to agriculture in the future. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was employed to examine the effects of fertilization and diversity of weed species on soil microbial community structure in a winter wheat plantation. The experiment used a split-plot design and was established in October 2010. Two fertilization treatments (including chemical fertilizer and organic manure) were applied to the main plots and diversity of                                                              基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31070394); 河南省科技攻关项目(142102110034) * 通讯作者 Corresponding author. E-mail: guyanfang@henu.edu.cn 网络出版时间：2014-11-19 16:45网络出版地址：http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.5846/stxb201401090071.html