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188宝金博页面版: Parent-reported and clinician-observed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children with attention deficithyperactivity d

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内容提示: RESEARCH Open AccessParent-reported and clinician-observedautism spectrum disorder (ASD)symptoms in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):implications for practice under DSM-5Rebecca Grzadzinski 1,2* , Catherine Dick 1 , Catherine Lord 1 and Somer Bishop 3AbstractBackground: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with social difficulties,though the extent to which these clearly overlap with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not wellund...

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RESEARCH Open AccessParent-reported and clinician-observedautism spectrum disorder (ASD)symptoms in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):implications for practice under DSM-5Rebecca Grzadzinski 1,2* , Catherine Dick 1 , Catherine Lord 1 and Somer Bishop 3AbstractBackground: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with social difficulties,though the extent to which these clearly overlap with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not wellunderstood.Methods: We explored parent-reported and directly-observed ASD symptoms on the Autism DiagnosticInterview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in children referred toASD-specialty clinics who received diagnoses of either ADHD (n = 48) or ASD (n = 164).Results: Of the ADHD sample, 21 % met ASD cut-offs on the ADOS and 30 % met ASD cut-offs on all domainsof the ADI-R. Four social communication ADOS items (Quality of Social Overtures, Unusual Eye Contact, FacialExpressions Directed to Examiner, and Amount of Reciprocal Social Communication) adequately differentiatedthe groups while none of the items on the ADI-R met the criteria for adequate discrimination.Conclusions: Results of this work highlight the challenges that clinicians and researchers face whendistinguishing ASD from other disorders in verbally fluent, school-age children.Keywords: Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), AutismDiagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two of the mostcommonly diagnosed childhood neurodevelopmentaldisorders [1]. As described in the Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition(DSM-5) [1], core symptoms of an ASD diagnosis do notoverlap with core symptoms of ADHD, though researchsuggests that 30–75 % of children with a diagnosis of ASDhave symptoms of ADHD (see [2–7]) and 20–60 % ofchildren with ADHD have ASD-like social difficulties (see[8–12]). Over the last several years, there has beenincreasing interest in ASD-ADHD symptom overlap [13].This led to the removal in DSM-5 of the Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition,Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) restriction that prevented adual diagnosis of ASD and ADHD. This provides clini-cians with an opportunity to acknowledge both theconverging and discrete symptom presentations of ASDand ADHD. It also underscores the importance ofunderstanding the boundaries and overlaps betweenthese disorders [14].* Correspondence: Rebecca.grzadzinski@gmail.com1 Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY10605, USA2 Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY10027, USAFull list of author information is available at the end of the article© 2016 Grzadzinski et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link tothe Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Grzadzinski et al. Molecular Autism (2016) 7:7 DOI 10.1186/s13229-016-0072-1

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