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    188宝金博页面版: Part 1 Vadose-Zone Column Studies of Toluene (Enhanced Bioremediation) in a Shallow Unconfined Aquifer

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    内容提示： PART 1: VADOSE-ZONE COLUMN STUDIES OF TOLUENE(ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION) IN A SHALLOWUNCONFINED AQUIFER ?JAMES A. TINDALL 1,? , MICHAEL J. FRIEDEL 2 , RICHARD J. SZMAJTER 3and SALLY M. CUFFIN 41 U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, Denver Federal Center, M.S. 413, Box 25046,Denver, CO 80225-0046;2 U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, M.S. 964, Box 25046, DenverCO;3 GIS Dept., City of Durango, CO 81301; 4 CH 2 M-Hill, Denver, CO 80231( ? author for correspondence, e-mail: jtindall@usgs....

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：33 | 浏览次数：196 | 上传日期：2015-12-11 16:32:51 | 文档星级：
    PART 1: VADOSE-ZONE COLUMN STUDIES OF TOLUENE(ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION) IN A SHALLOWUNCONFINED AQUIFER †JAMES A. TINDALL 1,∗ , MICHAEL J. FRIEDEL 2 , RICHARD J. SZMAJTER 3and SALLY M. CUFFIN 41 U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, Denver Federal Center, M.S. 413, Box 25046,Denver, CO 80225-0046;2 U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, M.S. 964, Box 25046, DenverCO;3 GIS Dept., City of Durango, CO 81301; 4 CH 2 M-Hill, Denver, CO 80231( ∗ author for correspondence, e-mail: jtindall@usgs.gov; Fax: 303.236.5034)(Received 18 February 2005; accepted 29 July 2005)Abstract. The objectives of the laboratory study described in this paper were (1) to determine theeffectivenessoffournutrientsolutionsandacontrolinstimulatingthemicrobialdegradationoftoluenein the unsaturated zone as an alternative to bioremediation methodologies such as air sparging, in situvitrification,orothers(PartI),and(2)tocomparetheeffectivenessoftheadditionofthemosteffectivenutrient solution from Part I (modified Hoagland type, nitrate-rich) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )on microbial degradation of toluene for repeated, simulated spills in the unsaturated zone (Part II).For Part 1, fifteen columns (30-cm diameter by 150-cm height), packed with air-dried, 0.25-mm,medium-finesand,werepreparedtosimulateshallowunconfinedaquiferconditions.Toluene(10mL)was added to the surface of each column, and soil solution and soil gas samples were collected fromthe columns every third day for 21 days. On day 21, a second application of toluene (10 mL) wasmade,andtheexperimentwasrunforanother21days.Solution4wasthemosteffectiveformicrobialdegradation in Part I. For Part II, three columns were designated nutrient-rich 3-day toluene columnsand received toluene injections every 3 days; three columns were designated as nutrient-rich 7-daycolumns and received toluene injections every 7 days; and two columns were used as controls towhich no nutrient was added.AsmeasuredbyCO 2 respiration,theinitialbenefitsforaerobicorganismsfromtheO 2 enhancementwere sustained by the bacteria for only a short period of time (about 8 days). Degradation benefitsfrom the nutrient solution were sustained throughout the experiment.The O 2 and nutrient-enhanced columns degraded significantly more toluene than the controlcolumns when simulating repeated spills onto the unsaturated zone, and demonstrated a potentiallyeffective in situ bioremediation technology when used immediately or within days after a spill. Thecombined usage of H 2 O 2 and nitrate-rich nutrients served to effectively maximize natural aerobicand anaerobic metabolic processes that biodegrade hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated media.Applications of this technology in the field may offer economical advantages to other, more intrusiveabatement technologies.Keywords: biodegradation, transport, remediation, toluene† The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and doesnot constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.Water, Air, and Soil Pollution (2005) 168: 325–357C ? Springer 2005

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