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    188宝金博页面版: 11_detaillectout

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    内容提示： Lecture Outline for Campbell/Reece Biology, 8 th Edition, ? Pearson Education, Inc. 11-1 Chapter 11 Cell Communication Lecture Outline Overview: The Cellular Internet ? Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms. o Cells must communicate to coordinate their activities. ? Communication between cells is also important for many unicellular organisms. ? Biologists have discovered universal mechanisms of cellular regulation involving the same small set of cell-signaling m...

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    Lecture Outline for Campbell/Reece Biology, 8 th Edition, © Pearson Education, Inc. 11-1 Chapter 11 Cell Communication Lecture Outline Overview: The Cellular Internet ? Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms. o Cells must communicate to coordinate their activities. ? Communication between cells is also important for many unicellular organisms. ? Biologists have discovered universal mechanisms of cellular regulation involving the same small set of cell-signaling mechanisms. o The ubiquity of these mechanisms provides additional evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of all life. ? Cells most often communicate by chemical signals, although signals may also take other forms. Concept 11.1 External signals are converted to responses within the cell. ? What messages are passed from cell to cell? How do cells respond to these messages? Cell signaling evolved early in the history of life. ? One topic of cell “conversation” is sex. ? The cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast of bread, wine, and beer, identify potential mates by chemical signaling. ? There are two sexes, a and ? ?, each of which secretes a specific signaling molecule, a factor and ? ? factor, respectively. ? These factors each bind to receptor proteins on the other mating type. ? After the mating factors have bound to the receptors, the two cells grow toward each other and undergo other cellular changes. ? The two cells fuse, or mate, to form an a/? ? cell containing the genes of both cells. ? The process by which a signal on a cell’s surface is changed or transduced into a specific cellular response is a series of steps called a signal transduction pathway. o The molecular details of these pathways are strikingly similar in yeast and animal cells, even though their last common ancestor lived more than a billion years ago. o Signaling systems of bacteria and plants also share similarities. ? The similarities in signal transduction pathways suggest that ancestral signaling molecules evolved long ago in ancient prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes and have since been adopted for new uses by their multicellular descendents. ? Cell signaling has remained important in the microbial world.

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