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    188宝金博页面版: Chapter-33---Beneficial-microorganisms-_2020_Molecular-Aspects-of-Plant-Bene

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    内容提示： Chapter 33Beneficial microorganisms in theremediation of heavy metalsNasser Delangiz 1 , Mohammad Behrouzi Varjovi 2 , Behnam Asgari Lajayer 3 and Mansour Ghorbanpour 41 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., 2 Department of Agronomy and PlantBreeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.,3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,4 D...

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：7 | 浏览次数：23 | 上传日期：2025-04-10 09:28:07 | 文档星级：
    Chapter 33Beneficial microorganisms in theremediation of heavy metalsNasser Delangiz 1 , Mohammad Behrouzi Varjovi 2 , Behnam Asgari Lajayer 3 and Mansour Ghorbanpour 41 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., 2 Department of Agronomy and PlantBreeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.,3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,4 Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University,Arak, Iran.Chapter outline33.1 Introduction 41733.2 Heavy metals’ toxicity in the environment 41833.3 Microbes vs heavy metals 41833.4 The role of biofilm in heavy metals removal 42033.5 The mechanisms of microbial detoxification of heavymetals 42033.6 Conclusions 421References 42133.1 IntroductionHeavy metals are one the most contaminating agents around world, therefore required emergency efficient action toremove them from environment (Asgari Lajayer et al., 2017a). Heavy metals are not degradable in the nature and easilycan accumulate in the body of organisms so they can affect wide range of organisms in the nature from primitive microbesto progressive mammals negatively. However, they have huge significance in our economy and we cannot stop usingthem. Some of the metals, such as zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) has different bio-logical roles especially root and shoot growth. However, others known heavy toxic metals such as aluminum (Al), cad-mium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) do not have any known biological duties (Asgari Lajayer et al., 2019a).Using microbes as remediators is a novel approach which is more compatible with environment in comparison withchemical and physical methods. In addition, it is inexpensive, highly efficient, and is not dependent on high-technology. Several microbial agents (bacteria, fungi, and microalgae) have been discovered as bioremediationapproach till now. Using microbes directly or their enzymes or metabolic pathways individually, microbial fuel cell(MFC), and biofilm based bioremediation are some the most novel methods to bioremediate heavy metals (Igiri et al.,2018). Heavy metals removal occurs either through detoxification or remediation. Bioremediation of heavy metalsinvolves transforming the more toxic form to less toxic ones which is occurred through living organism such as bacteria(Gautam et al., 2015). New methods for heavy metals bioremediation/bioremoval are introduced every day. New inves-tigations broaden our understanding of microbes-metals interactions and the impact of heavy metals on the microbesand vice versa. Such studies can result in constructing novel and more efficient microbial systems for heavy metalremoval from the nature (Asgari Lajayer et al., 2019a).Chemical state of heavy metals, pH, humidity, temperature, the level of gases (such as O 2 ) and the composition ofmicrobes in the medium are some factors which affect the efficiency of bioremediation (Igiri et al., 2018). The metalbinding sites of heavy metals are saturated with H 1 in acidic pH. In this condition, heavy metals tend to be free ionswith high ability to absorb the negative charged surfaces. At lower pH, the high concentration of positive charge on thesurface of the heavy metals inhibits the binding of them to adsorbent surfaces, therefore reduces the toxicity of heavymetals. Increase in temperature increases the bioavailability of heavy metals so the toxicity of them (Olaniran et al.,2013).417Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818469-1.00034-1© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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