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1Newsletter of Ajinomoto Amino Acids DepartmentOctober 2005 Vol.12October 2005 Vol.12Contents■ "Amino Acids of the 21st Century" (6) - Branched ChainAmino Acids (BCAAs)-???????????????????????????????P1■ METABOLISM OF THE BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS???P2■ Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Presents Report on Amino Acids at ESPEN???P5■ Bio Japan 2005????????????????????????????????????P6In this series, we herein present our research on the physiology and usefulness of Branched-Chain Amino Acids. As often presented in the preceding issues of the journal, of the nine essential amino acids, valine, leucine andisoleucine, which have branched side chains, are called Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs). BCAAs play important roles, particularly during exercise and in the maintenance and growth of skeletal muscle. BCAAs, whichmake up about 40% of the free essential amino acids in blood plasma, are used an energy source during exercise asnecessary, and play an important part in glyconeogenesis (a mechanism for reusing the glucose used for energy in muscle). Inpatients with liver cirrhosis, a significant decrease in plasma BCAA level may lead to malnutrition or seriously hepaticencephalopathy. It was found that the supplementation of BCAAs to such patients improved nutritional status andlengthened survival time."Amino Acids of the 21 st Century" (6) - Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)-Structure (structural formula)IsoleucineLeucineValine＊ Taste: Bitter＊ Properties: Readily soluble in formic acid, poorly soluble in water, and practically insoluble in ethanol. Soluble in dilutehydrochloric acid.Major effects and applications of BCAAsCH3CH3CH2CHHNH2CCOOHBranched-chainBranched-chainCH3CH3CH2CHHNH2CCOOHBranched-chainCH3CH3CHHNH2CCOOHEffects1. Improvements in nutritional status2. Maintenance and growth of skeletal muscle3. Maintenance of stamina during exercise4. Drugs for the treatment of hypoalbuminemiaApplicationsTransfusion, ingredient for oral nutritional supplements, sports supplementsTransfusion, ingredient for oral nutritional supplements, sports supplementsSports supplementsTherapeutic nutrients for hepatic failure