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1312025 年 10 月 第 37 卷　第 5 期 油  气  与  新  能  源文章编号：2097-0021（2025）05-0131-06天然气压差发电技术现状及发展趋势杨紫晴1 ，马建国 2 ，云庆 1 ，刘烨 1 ，朱玉明 3 ，贺三 41. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院，北京 100083 ；2. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司油气和新能源分公司， 北京 100007 ；3. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司，新疆库尔勒 841000 ；4. 西南石油大学 石油与天然气工程学院，成都 610500引用：杨紫晴,马建国,云庆,等.天然气压差发电技术现状及发展趋势[J].油气与新能源,2025,37(5):131-136.基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目“复杂天然气管网管输核验评估机制与容量分配拥塞扩容优化方法研究”（52474084）摘要： 为积极响应国家“双碳”战略，推动石油石化行业绿色低碳转型，各油气田不断挖掘节能降耗潜力，积极推进天然气压差发电技术的研发与工程应用。近年来，多个天然气压差发电项目陆续建成并投入运行，有效提升了能源综合利用效率。在分析气田压力能利用潜力的基础上，系统阐述了天然气压差发电的基本原理与核心设备的技术特性，结合当前技术应用现状，探讨了压差发电与冷能综合利用路径。最后，总结了该技术目前存在的主要问题，并对未来发展方向进行了展望。研究成果可为推动天然气压差发电技术的规模化应用提供参考，并为相关工程的优化设计与运行管理提供理论支撑。关键词： 压差发电；天然气；膨胀机；压力能利用中图分类号：TE09 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2097-0021.2025.05.015Status Quo and Development Trends of Natural Gas Pressure Di■erential Power Generation TechnologyYANG Ziqing1, MA Jianguo2, YUN Qing1, LIU Ye1, ZHU Yuming3, HE San41. PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute, Beijing 100083, China; 2. PetroChina Oil, Gas & New Energy Company, Beijing 100007; 3. PetroChina Tarim Oil■eld Company, Korla 841000, China; 4. Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, ChinaAbstract: In active response to China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy and facilitating the green and low-carbon transformation of the petroleum and petrochemical industry, all oil and gas ■elds have been continuously exploring energy conservation and consumption reduction potentials while actively promoting the engineering application of natural gas pressure di■erential power generation technology. In recent years, several projects have been successively constructed and put into operation, signi■cantly improving comprehensive energy utilization e■ciency. Based on an analysis on utilization potential of pressure energy resources in gas ■elds, this paper systematically elaborates the fundamental principles of natural gas pressure di■erential power generation and the technical features of key equipment, then discusses integrated utilization pathways for pressure differential power generation and cold energy considering the current status of technological application, and finally summarizes the major challenges currently faced by this technology as well as prospects its future development direction in order to provide references for promoting the application of natural gas di■erential pressure power generation and o■er theoretical support for optimizing design and operational management of relevant projects.Keywords: Di■erential pressure power generation; Natural gas; Expander; Pressure energy utilization0　引言随着中国天然气消费量的持续增长与管网规模的不断扩大，提升天然气在生产输配环节的能源综合利用效率已成为行业关注的焦点。天然气压差发电作为一种高效的能源回收利用技术，已成为重点