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188宝金博页面版: Toxins of filamentous fungi

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内容提示: Breitenbach M, Crameri R, Lehrer SB (eds): Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity.Chem Immunol. Basel, Karger, 2002, vol 81, pp 167–206 Toxins of Filamentous FungiDeepak Bhatnagar, Jiujiang Yu, Kenneth C. EhrlichUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, La., USANatural toxins in food can be divided into five main categories: mycotoxins,bacterial toxins, phycotoxins, plant toxins and zootoxins. The first three aretoxic compounds produced by livin...

文档格式:PDF | 页数:40 | 浏览次数:21 | 上传日期:2021-06-25 00:15:56 | 文档星级:
Breitenbach M, Crameri R, Lehrer SB (eds): Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity.Chem Immunol. Basel, Karger, 2002, vol 81, pp 167–206 Toxins of Filamentous FungiDeepak Bhatnagar, Jiujiang Yu, Kenneth C. EhrlichUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, La., USANatural toxins in food can be divided into five main categories: mycotoxins,bacterial toxins, phycotoxins, plant toxins and zootoxins. The first three aretoxic compounds produced by living organisms, and are formed directly in food or transferred through the food chain, whereas, the latter two are ‘inherentcomponents (of plants or animals) that are harmful to humans and animals’[1].Toxins are compounds that are toxic or poisonous to living things, phyto-toxins are compounds toxic to plants, and zootoxins are compounds toxic to animals [2]. By the same logic, mycotoxins should be compounds toxic tofungi. However, these are toxic compounds produced by fungi.The term mycotoxin is derived from the Greek words ‘?????’ (fungus)and ‘???????’ (arrow-poisons). Most mycotoxins can, therefore, be defined as natural products produced by fungi that evoke a toxic response in highervertebrates and other animals when fed at low concentrations. Mycotoxinscould also be toxic to plants or other microorganisms. However, these com-pounds are not classified with antibiotics of fungal origin. Biological conver-sion products of mycotoxins are also called mycotoxins. Mycotoxins haverecently been the subject of many reviews [3–5]. Toxic metabolites producedby mushrooms and yeast are not included in this review and have beenreviewed by Chu [4]. In this chapter, a comprehensive review has been providedof the most significant mycotoxins, their fungal origin and their toxic effects.The reader will hopefully be able to appreciate the diversity of mycotoxins that have been examined thus far, and will understand the need for research onseveral of these toxins that exhibit the potential for harmful effects on animalsand humans.After cessation of an active growth phase, fungi are known to produce numer-ous organic compounds called secondary metabolites, which are not required for the growth of the producing fungus. Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight,Downloaded by: Brought to you by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library 198.143.32.1 - 10/7/2015 8:18:02 PM

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