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上传于：2020-09-24

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毕业于985学校的汽车工程专业，毕业后一直从事汽车工程技术研究

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    188宝金博页面版: 6TiSCH on SCμM Running a Synchronized Protocol Stack without Crystals（SCTiM上的6TiSCH运行没有晶体的同步协议栈）

    下载积分： 2500

    内容提示： sensorsArticle6TiSCH on SC?M: Running a Synchronized ProtocolStack without CrystalsTengfei Chang1, *, Thomas Watteyne 1, *, Brad Wheeler 2 , Filip Maksimovic 2 , Osama Khan 2 ,Sahar Mesri2 , Lydia Lee 2 , Ioana Suciu 3 , David Burnett 2 , Xavier Vilajosana 3and Kris Pister21EVA Team, Inria-Paris, 75012 Paris, France2EECS Department, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1770, USA; brad.wheeler@berkeley.edu (B.W.);f i l@berkeley.edu (F.M.); oukhan@berkeley.edu (O.K.); smesri@berkeley.edu (S.M.); lydia.lee@berkel...

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：15 | 浏览次数：16 | 上传日期：2020-09-24 21:14:28 | 文档星级：
    sensorsArticle6TiSCH on SCµM: Running a Synchronized ProtocolStack without CrystalsTengfei Chang1, *, Thomas Watteyne 1, *, Brad Wheeler 2 , Filip Maksimovic 2 , Osama Khan 2 ,Sahar Mesri2 , Lydia Lee 2 , Ioana Suciu 3 , David Burnett 2 , Xavier Vilajosana 3and Kris Pister21EVA Team, Inria-Paris, 75012 Paris, France2EECS Department, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1770, USA; brad.wheeler@berkeley.edu (B.W.);f i l@berkeley.edu (F.M.); oukhan@berkeley.edu (O.K.); smesri@berkeley.edu (S.M.); lydia.lee@berkeley.edu (L.L.);db@berkeley.edu (D.B.); ksjp@berkeley.edu (K.P.)3IN3, University Oberta de Catalunya, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; isuciu0@uoc.edu (I.S.); xvilajosana@uoc.edu (X.V.)* Correspondence: tengfei.chang@inria.fr (T.C.); thomas.watteyne@inria.fr (T.W.); Tel.: +33-180494143 (T.C.)Received: 21 February 2020; Accepted: 25 March 2020; Published: 30 March 2020Abstract: We report the f i rst time-synchronized protocol stack running on a crystal-free device. Weuse an early prototype of the Single-Chip micro Mote, SC µ M, a single-chip 2 × 3 mm 2 mote-on-a-chip,which features an ARM Cortex-M0 micro-controller and an IEEE802.15.4 radio. This prototype consistsof an FPGA version of the micro-controller, connected to the SC µ M chip which implements the radiofront-end. We port OpenWSN, a reference implementation of a synchronized protocol stack, onto SC µ M.The challenge is that SC µ M has only on-chip oscillators, with no absolute time reference such as a crystal.We use two calibration steps –receiving packets via the on-chip optical receiver and RF transceiver –to initially calibrate the oscillators on SC µ M so that it can send frames to an off-the-shelf IEEE802.15.4radio. We then use a digital trimming compensation algorithm based on tick skipping to turn a 567 ppmapparent drift into a 10 ppm drift. This allows us to run a full-featured standards-compliant 6TiSCHnetwork between one SC µ M and one OpenMote. This is a step towards realizing the smart dust vision ofultra-small and cheap ubiquitous wireless devices.Keywords: crystal-free; 6TiSCH; SCµM; smart dust1. IntroductionLow-power wireless networks are a key technology for applications ranging from industrial processmonitoring to smart city and environmental monitoring. These networks combine time synchronization toachieve ultra-low power consumption, and channel hopping for high reliability. The resulting technologyis known as Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH). TSCH is at the core of all main industrialstandards, including WirelessHART [ 1 ], ISA100.11a [ 2 ] and IEEE802.15.4 [ 3 ]. 6TiSCH [ 4 ] is the latest suchstandardization efforts, lead by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Best-in-class commercial TSCHproducts today offer < 50 µA average current draw and over 99.999% end-to-end reliability [5].Today, these standards can run on virtually any IEEE802.15.4-compliant chip. All of the commercialchips use stable oscillators as a time reference. A typical design consists of a printed circuit board withthe main chip, and 2 crystal oscillators: a fast crystal (typ. 16–20 MHz) which is used to accurately selectthe communication frequency and clock the modulation/demodulation, and a slow crystal (typ. 32 kHz)used as the main timing source for the synchronized state machine of TSCH. A crystal oscillator is a smallfragment of lab-grown and cut quartz, enclosed in a package, and excited by circuitry that is typically onSensors 2020, 20, 1912; doi:10.3390/s20071912 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors

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