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188宝金博页面版: 湖北学位英语考试试题

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内容提示: Part I Readi n g Com preh en sion ( 30 % ) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by som e questions or unfinished statem ents. For each of them there are four choices m arked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and m ark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. What exactly is a lie? I s it anything we say which we know is untrue...

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Part I Readi n g Com preh en sion ( 30 % ) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by som e questions or unfinished statem ents. For each of them there are four choices m arked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and m ark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. What exactly is a lie? I s it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it som ething m ore than that? For exam ple, suppose a friend wants to borrow som e m oney from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I ’m short of m oney m yself.” I n fact, you are not short of m oney but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by rem inding him of this. I s this rally a lie? Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has m ade a scientific study of lying. (76)According to him , wom en are better liars than m en, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a wom an at a party tells another wom an that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that m en are m ore likely to tell m ore serious lies, such as m aking a prom ise which they have no intension of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessm en are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in som e way. Research has also been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a num ber of sm all, apparently unim portant ways when they lie. I t has been found that if they are sitting down at the tim e, they tend to m ove about in their chairs m ore than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were som ewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face m ore often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this m ay be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures m ake it itch. Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desm ond Morris in his book Manwatching calls “the m outh cover”.(77)He says there are several typical form s of this, such as covering part of the m outh with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the m outh. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attem pt on the part of the liar to stop him self or herself from lying. Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the m outh, or m oving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They sim ply tend to occur m ore frequently in this situation. I t is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole num ber of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

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