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2017 年湖北大学语言学与应用语言学之语言学教程复试仿真模拟三套题?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?严格按照 2017 复试常考题型及难度全真模拟预测。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Audiolingual method 【答案】 Audiolingual method refers to the teaching of a second language through imitation, repetition, and reinforcement. It emphasizes the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing and the use of mother tongue in the classroom is not allowed. 2? Entailment 【答案】 It refers to the relation between propositions one of which necessarily follows from the other. If X is true, Y is necessarily true?and if X is false, Y may be true or false. For example, the sentence “He has been to France” entails “He has been to Europe”. 3? Assimilation 【答案】 It is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. It is often used synonymously with coarticulation. Nasalization, dentalization and?velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation: if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, it is regressive assimilation; the converse process, in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound, is known as progressive assimilation. For example, in “mink”?“n”?which is originally pronounced as will be velarized by the following “k”/k/?and therefore the word will be pronounced as 4? Diglossia 【答案】 When two languages or language varieties exist together in a community and each one is used for different purposes, this is called diglossia. Usually, the more standard variety can be called the high variety or H-variety, which is used in government, the media, education, and for religious services. The other one is usually a non-prestige variety, the low variety or L-variety used in the family, with friends, when shopping, etc. 5? IC analysis 【答案】 IC analysis : IC analysis ?immediate constituent analysis? refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups ?or phrases ? ,which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word. 6? Speech and thought presentation 【答案】 Speech and thought presentation: These two terms are used for the language in fiction, referring to the presenting forms for indicating the narrator?s speech or thought. The speech presentation may have the following four possibilities: direct speech, indirect speech, narrator?s representation of speech acts, and narrator?s representation of speech. The Thought presentation can also be categorized