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    188宝金博页面版: Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus axonal projections to the brainstem

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    内容提示： Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus: axonal projections to thebrainstemJoel C. Geerling * , Jung-Won Shin * , Peter C. Chimenti, and Arthur D. Loewy **Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis,MO 63110, USAAbstractThe paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) contains many neurons that innervate thebrainstem, but information regarding their target sites remains incomplete. Here, we labeledneurons in the rat PVH with an anterograde axonal tracer, Phaseolus v...

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    Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus: axonal projections to thebrainstemJoel C. Geerling * , Jung-Won Shin * , Peter C. Chimenti, and Arthur D. Loewy **Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis,MO 63110, USAAbstractThe paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) contains many neurons that innervate thebrainstem, but information regarding their target sites remains incomplete. Here, we labeledneurons in the rat PVH with an anterograde axonal tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin(PHAL) and studied their descending projections in reference to specific neuronal subpopulationsthroughout the brainstem. While many of their target sites were identified previously, numerousnew observations were made. Major findings include: (1) In the midbrain, the PVH projectslightly to the ventral tegmental area, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, ventrolateral periaqueductal graymatter, reticular formation, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus. (2) Inthe dorsal pons, the PVH projects heavily to the pre-locus coeruleus, yet very little to thecatecholamine neurons in the locus coeruleus, and selectively targets the viscerosensorysubregions of the parabrachial nucleus; (3) In the ventral medulla, the superior salivatory nucleus,retrotrapezoid nucleus, compact and external formations of the nucleus ambiguus, A1 and caudalC1 catecholamine neurons, and caudal pressor area receive dense axonal projections, generallyexceeding the PVH projection to the rostral C1 region; (4) The medial nucleus of the solitary tract(including A2 noradrenergic and aldosterone-sensitive neurons) receives the most extensiveprojections of the PVH, substantially more than the dorsal vagal nucleus or area postrema. Ourfindings suggest that the PVH may modulate a range of homeostatic functions, including cerebraland ocular blood flow, corneal and nasal hydration, ingestive behavior, sodium intake, and glucosemetabolism, as well as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory activities.Keywordsautonomic; cardiovascular; ingestive behavior; respiratory; salt appetite; stressIntroductionFrom a biomedical perspective, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) is perhapsthe most important nucleus in the forebrain. Among the many subpopulations of neurons inthe PVH, the most extensively studied are its neuroendocrine cells, through which the braincontrols the pituitary gland. Magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons send their axons into theneurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), where in well-characterized homeostatic responses tophysiologic perturbations they release either oxytocin or vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)into the systemic circulation. Parvicellular neuroendocrine neurons, in contrast, releasevarious signaling peptides into the median eminence. These peptides, also referred to as** Correspondence to: Arthur D. Loewy, Ph.D. Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology- Box 8108 Washington University School ofMedicine 660 S. Euclid Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110 USA Tel: 314-362-3930 Fax: 314-362-3446 loewya@pcg.wustl.edu.* These authors contributed equally to this work.NIH Public AccessAuthor ManuscriptJ Comp Neurol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 May 1.Published in final edited form as:J Comp Neurol . 2010 May 1; 518(9): 1460–1499. doi:10.1002/cne.22283.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript

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