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2017 年沈阳师范大学综合英语之语言学教程考研复试核心题库?一? 说明?本资料为学员内部使用?整理汇编了 2017 考研复试重点题及历年复试常考题型。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Bound morpheme 【答案】 Bound morphemes refer to those morphemes that can not occur alone and must appear with at least another morpheme. For example, in the word “careless”?“-less” is a bound morpheme since it could not occur by itself as a word. 2? Linguistic determinism 【答案】 Linguistic determinism, is one of the two points of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and has developed into the strong version of this hypothesis. It could be summarized as follows: ?1? One?s thinking is completely determined by his native language because one cannot but perceive the world in terms of the categories and distinctions encoded in the language. ?2? The categories and distinctions encoded in one language system are unique to that system and incommensurable with those of other systems. Therefore, the following statement could represent this hypothesis 4tIf Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different”. 3? Glottal Stop 【答案】 Vocal tract is composed of oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharynx. When the vocal folds are totally closed, no air can pass between them. The result of this gesture is the glottal stop. 4? subordination 【答案】 Subordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other. Thus the subordinate constituents are words which modify the Head. Consequently, they can be called modifiers. In the phrase swimming in the lake, swimming is the head and in the lake are the words modifying the head. 5? CAI and CAL 【答案】 Computer-assisted instruction ?CAI? means the use of a computer in a teaching program. This includes: a. A teaching program which is presented by a computer in a sequence. The student responds on the computer, and the computer indicates whether the responses are correct or incorrect. b. The use of computers to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate lessons, material, etc. This is also called computer-managed instruction. Parallel to CAI, there is CAL ?Computer-Assistant Learning ? . The former aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas the latter emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives. The first kind of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction. The computer leads the student through learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the studenfs response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to