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2017 年湖北大学语言学与教学法之语言学教程考研复试核心题库?一? 说明?本资料为学员内部使用?整理汇编了 2017 考研复试重点题及历年复试常考题型。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Textual function 【答案】 Textual function: The textual function is one of the three meta-functions language is composed of. It refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living message different from a random list of sentences. 2? Speech Act Theory 【答案】 Speech act theory was proposed by J. L. Austin and has been developed by J. R. Searle. Basically, they believe that language is not only used to inform or to describe things, it is often used to “do things”?and to perform acts. 3? Displacement 【答案】 Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future. 4? Lexical relations 【答案】 There are several types of lexical relations concerning the sense of the words. Those are synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, polysemy, homonymy, and so on. ?a? Synonymy refers to the sameness relation; “autum”, and “full” are synonyms, for example, ?b? Antonymy refers to the oppositeness relation; for example, “buy” and “sell” are antonyms, ?c? Hyponymy refers to the inclusiveness relation; for example, “apple” is a hyponym of “fruit”, ?d? Polysemy means one word that has more than one related meaning?and “bank”?as an example, is a polysemous word. ?e? Homonymy refers to the relation of two different words which are identical either in sound, or spelling, or both, such as “bow” ?bau? and “bow” ?b?u?. 5? Back-formation 【答案】 Back formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, the word “television” appeared before “televise”?and so does “editor” to “edit”. 6? Lexical word 【答案】 Lexical word, lexical words are also called content words, referring to those which have lexical meanings, that is, those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs,