188宝金博页面版

2017 年重庆师范大学外国语学院语言学概论?01,03?复试仿真模拟三套题?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?严格按照 2017 复试常考题型及难度全真模拟预测。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Relational opposites 【答案】 This is a type of antonymy, in which the members of a pair do not constitute a positive-negative opposition. They show the reversal of a relationship between two entities. For example, “buy/sell” is such a pair. X buys something from Y means Y sells something from X. 2? inflectional morpheme 【答案】 Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words. Inflectional affixes only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind. 3? Back-formation 【答案】 Back formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, the word “television” appeared before “televise”?and so does “editor” to “edit”. 4? Coarticulation 【答案】 Coarticulation refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors. For example, as in lamb, when a is followed by m, the velum will begin to lower itself during the articulation of a so that it is ready for the following nasal. When such simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved, we call the process coarticulation. If the sound becomes more like the following sound, it is known as anticipatory coarticulation. If the sound displays the influence of the preceding sound, it is preservative coarticulation. 5? Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act 【答案】 According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking. A locutionary act is the uttering of words, phrases, and clauses, which conveys meaning by giving out meaningful sounds. Therefore, when somebody says „„Morning???we can ask a question like “What did he do????and the answer could be “He offered a greeting.” An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker?s intention; it is the act performed in saying something. Therefore, for the same example?we can say “He meant it as a greeting”. A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance. Thus?by saying “Morning!” the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer. 6? Contrastive analysis 【答案】 Contrastive analysis is an approach to analysis of second language acquisition, based on a belief that a more effective teaching pedagogy would come out when the similarities and differences between native language and target language are taken into consideration. By such an analysis, it is