188宝金博页面版

2017 年扬州大学 0701 语言学基础知识之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?终极模拟预测押题?实战检测复试复习效果。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Hyponymy 【答案】 Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordiante, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”. 2? Coarticulation 【答案】 Coarticulation refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors. For example, as in lamb, when a is followed by m, the velum will begin to lower itself during the articulation of a so that it is ready for the following nasal. When such simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved, we call the process coarticulation. If the sound becomes more like the following sound, it is known as anticipatory coarticulation. If the sound displays the influence of the preceding sound, it is preservative coarticulation. 3? division of pragmatic labor 【答案】 Horn observes that the Q-based and R-based principles often directly collide and suggests the resolution comes from a division of pragmatic labor?which reads “The use of a marked ?relatively complex and/or prolix? expression when a corresponding unmarked ?simpler?less “effortful”?alternate expression is available tends to be interpreted as conveying a marked message ?one which the unmarked alternative would not or could not have conveyed? . 4? Corpus 【答案】 Corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. The main purpose of a corpus is to verify a hypothesis about language~~for example, to determine how the application of a particular sound, word, or syntactic construction varies. 5? Duality 【答案】Duality refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated there are two levels of structure or patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analyzed in terms of combinations of meaningful units ?such as morphemes, words etc.?; at the second, lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves, but which combine to form units of meaning. For example, a syllable is the smallest unit that is normally spoken by itself, and scores of syllables become the carriers of hundreds of meaningful segments of words that are called morphemes.