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    188宝金博页面版: RMP2009_The electronic properties of graphene

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    内容提示： The electronic properties of grapheneA. H. Castro NetoDepartment of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston,Massachusetts 02215, USAF. GuineaInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainN. M. R. PeresCenter of Physics and Department of Physics, Universidade do Minho, P-4710-057,Braga, PortugalK. S. Novoselov and A. K. GeimDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL,United Kingdom?Published 14 January 2009?Th...

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：54 | 浏览次数：45 | 上传日期：2015-01-01 15:58:25 | 文档星级：
    The electronic properties of grapheneA. H. Castro NetoDepartment of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston,Massachusetts 02215, USAF. GuineaInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainN. M. R. PeresCenter of Physics and Department of Physics, Universidade do Minho, P-4710-057,Braga, PortugalK. S. Novoselov and A. K. GeimDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL,United Kingdom?Published 14 January 2009?This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one-atom-thick allotrope of carbon,with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlledby application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology.The Dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling, confinement, and the integer quantum Halleffect. The electronic properties of graphene stacks are discussed and vary with stacking order andnumber of layers. Edge ?surface? states in graphene depend on the edge termination ?zigzag orarmchair? and affect the physical properties of nanoribbons. Different types of disorder modify theDirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties. The effects ofelectron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are alsopresented.DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109PACS number?s?: 81.05.Uw, 73.20.?r, 03.65.Pm, 82.45.MpCONTENTSI. IntroductionII. Elementary Electronic Properties of GrapheneA. Single layer: Tight-binding approach1. Cyclotron mass2. Density of statesB. Dirac fermions1. Chiral tunneling and Klein paradox2. Confinement and ZitterbewegungC. Bilayer graphene: Tight-binding approachD. Epitaxial grapheneE. Graphene stacks1. Electronic structure of bulk graphiteF.Surface states in grapheneG. Surface states in graphene stacksH. The spectrum of graphene nanoribbons1. Zigzag nanoribbons2. Armchair nanoribbonsI.Dirac fermions in a magnetic fieldJ.The anomalous integer quantum Hall effectK. Tight-binding model in a magnetic fieldL. Landau levels in graphene stacksM. DiamagnetismN. Spin-orbit couplingIII. Flexural Phonons, Elasticity, and CrumplingIV. Disorder in GrapheneA. Ripples110112112113114114115117118119120121122124124125126126128128130130131132134135B. Topological lattice defectsC. Impurity statesD. Localized states near edges, cracks, and voidsE. Self-dopingF.Vector potential and gauge field disorder1. Gauge field induced by curvature2. Elastic strain3. Random gauge fieldsG. Coupling to magnetic impuritiesH. Weak and strong localizationI.Transport near the Dirac pointJ.Boltzmann equation description of dc transport indoped grapheneK. Magnetotransport and universal conductivity1. The full self-consistent Born approximation?FSBA?V. Many-Body EffectsA. Electron-phonon interactionsB. Electron-electron interactions1. Screening in graphene stacksC. Short-range interactions1. Bilayer graphene: Exchange2. Bilayer graphene: Short-range interactionsD. Interactions in high magnetic fieldsVI. ConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences136137137138139140140141141142143144145146148148150152152153154154154155155REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 81, JANUARY–MARCH 20090034-6861/2009/81?1?/109?54?©2009 The American Physical Society109

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