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2017 年中南财经政法大学 1060 外国语言学综合之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?终极模拟预测押题?实战检测复试复习效果。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? bound root 【答案】 Bound root refers to the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity, and this base form could not occur alone, such as “-ceive” in “receive”. 2? grammatical word 【答案】 It refers to those which mainly work for constructing group, phrase, clause, clause complex, or even text, such as, conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. Grammatical words serve to link together different content parts. So they are also known as Function Words. 3? Contrastive analysis 【答案】 Contrastive analysis is an approach to analysis of second language acquisition, based on a belief that a more effective teaching pedagogy would come out when the similarities and differences between native language and target language are taken into consideration. By such an analysis, it is supposed that some leaning difficulties could be predicted in terms of language transfer. 4? stream of consciousness writing 【答案】 The term was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology ?1890? to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. It was later applied to the writing of William Faulkner, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and others experimenting early in the 20th century with the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought. Note, however, that the majority of thought presentation in novels is not stream of consciousness writing. The examples we have discussed above are not stream of consciousness writing because they are too orderly to constitute the free association of ideas. Perhaps the most famous piece of stream of consciousness writing is that associated with Leopold Bloom in Joyce?s Ulysses. Here he is in a restaurant thinking about oysters. “Filthy shells. Devil to open them too. Who found them out? Garbage, sewage they feed on. Fizz and Red bank oysters. Effect on the sexual. Aphrodis. ?sic? He was in the Red bank this morning. Was he oyster old fish at table. Perhaps he young flesh in bed. No. June has no ar ?sic? no oysters. But there are people like tainted game. Jugged hare. First catch your hare. Chinese eating eggs fifty years old, blue and green again. Dinner of thirty courses. Each dish harmless might mix inside. Idea for a poison mystery.66 This cognitive meandering is all in the most free version of direct thought. It is also characterised by a highly elliptical sentence structure, with as many grammatical words as possible being removed consistently allowing the reader to be able to infer what is going on. The language is not very cohesive?and breaks the Gricean maxims of Quantity and Manner. But we must assume that apparently unreasonable writing behaviour is related to a relevant authorial purpose. It is the assumption that Joyce is really cooperating with us at a deeper level, even though he is apparently making our reading difficult, that leads us to conclude that he is trying to evoke a mind working associatively.