188宝金博页面版

2017 年苏州大学普通语言学?同等学力加试?之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?终极模拟预测押题?实战检测复试复习效果。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? subordination 【答案】 Subordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other. Thus the subordinate constituents are words which modify the Head. Consequently, they can be called modifiers. In the phrase swimming in the lake, swimming is the head and in the lake are the words modifying the head. 2? Interlanguage 【答案】 It refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It?s a language system between the target language and the learner?s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner^ native language. For example, when the Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like “to touch the society”. 3? Diglossia 【答案】 When two languages or language varieties exist together in a community and each one is used for different purposes, this is called diglossia. Usually, the more standard variety can be called the high variety or H-variety, which is used in government, the media, education, and for religious services. The other one is usually a non-prestige variety, the low variety or L-variety used in the family, with friends, when shopping, etc. 4? Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 【答案】 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine peopled thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version. 5? Stylistics 【答案】 Stylistics is a branch of linguistics studies the features of situationally distinctive uses ?varieties ? of language, and tries to establish principles capable of accounting for the particular choices made by individual and social groups in their use of language.