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2017 年国防科学技术大学 F0806 英美文学及普通语言学之语言学教程复试仿真模拟三套题?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?严格按照 2017 复试常考题型及难度全真模拟预测。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Broad and narrow transcription 【答案】 Broad and narrow transcription: In broad transcription, one letter symbol is used for one sound. In narrow transcription, there are diacritics added to the one letter symbols to show the finer differences between sounds. 2? Idiolect 【答案】 Just as every speech community has a dialect, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called “idiolect” 3? Textual function 【答案】 Textual function: The textual function is one of the three meta-functions language is composed of. It refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living message different from a random list of sentences. 4? CAI and CAL 【答案】 Computer-assisted instruction ?CAI? means the use of a computer in a teaching program. This includes: a. A teaching program which is presented by a computer in a sequence. The student responds on the computer, and the computer indicates whether the responses are correct or incorrect. b. The use of computers to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate lessons, material, etc. This is also called computer-managed instruction. Parallel to CAI, there is CAL ?Computer-Assistant Learning ? . The former aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas the latter emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives. The first kind of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction. The computer leads the student through learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the studenfs response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material ?see branching ?. In more recent CAL courseware students are able to interact with the computer and perform higher-level tasks while exploring a subject or problem. 5? Embedding 【答案】 It refers to the inclusion of a clause within a phrase or another clause, or of a phrase into another phrase. An example of embedded clauses is : What I do is none of your business. ?Nominal clause embedded as subject of another clause?