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2017 年青岛大学基础英语?同等学力加试?之语言学教程考研复试核心题库?一? 说明?本资料为学员内部使用?整理汇编了 2017 考研复试重点题及历年复试常考题型。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Open-class words 【答案】 Open-class words refer to words whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited and with the emergence of new ideas, inventions, and so on; new expressions are continually and constantly being added to the lexicon. For example, nouns, verbs, and adjectives all belong to this class. 2? Lexical relations 【答案】 There are several types of lexical relations concerning the sense of the words. Those are synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, polysemy, homonymy, and so on. ?a? Synonymy refers to the sameness relation; “autum”, and “full” are synonyms, for example, ?b? Antonymy refers to the oppositeness relation; for example, “buy” and “sell” are antonyms, ?c? Hyponymy refers to the inclusiveness relation; for example, “apple” is a hyponym of “fruit”, ?d? Polysemy means one word that has more than one related meaning?and “bank”?as an example, is a polysemous word. ?e? Homonymy refers to the relation of two different words which are identical either in sound, or spelling, or both, such as “bow” ?bau? and “bow” ?b?u?. 3? The London School of Linguistics 【答案】 The London School generally refers to the kind of linguistic scholarship in England. The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain was J.R. Firth. 4? cohort model 【答案】 The cohort model is a supposed doctrine dealing with the spoken word recognition postulated by Marslen-Wilson and Welsh in 1990. It is suggested that the first few phonemes of a spoken word activate a set or cohort of word candidates that are consistent with the input. These candidates compete with one another for activation. As more acoustic input is analyzed, candidates that are no longer consistent with the input drop out of the set. This process continues until only one word candidate matches the input- the best fitting word may be chosen if no single candidate is a clear winner. 5? phoneme 【答案】 Phoneme is a basic unit of phonological study, and it is an abstract collection of phonetic features which can distinguish meaning. For example, in English, is described as a phoneme. 6? Functional Sentence Perspective ?FSP? 【答案】 It is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to art analysis of utterances ?or texts? in terms of the information they contain. The principle is that the role of each utterance part is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole.