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    188宝金博页面版: Whom to Trust Public Concerns, Late Modern Risks, and Expert Trustworthiness

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    内容提示： GEERT MUNNICHSWHOM TO TRUST? PUBLIC CONCERNS, LATE MODERN RISKS,AND EXPERT TRUSTWORTHINESS(Accepted in revised form July 26, 2003)ABSTRACT. This article discusses the conditions under which the use of expert knowl-edge may provide an adequate response to public concerns about high-tech, late modernrisks. Scientific risk estimation has more than once led to expert controversies. Whenthese controversies occur, the public at large – as a media audience – faces a paradoxicalsituation: on the one hand it must...

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：18 | 浏览次数：118 | 上传日期：2015-12-12 08:13:35 | 文档星级：
    GEERT MUNNICHSWHOM TO TRUST? PUBLIC CONCERNS, LATE MODERN RISKS,AND EXPERT TRUSTWORTHINESS(Accepted in revised form July 26, 2003)ABSTRACT. This article discusses the conditions under which the use of expert knowl-edge may provide an adequate response to public concerns about high-tech, late modernrisks. Scientific risk estimation has more than once led to expert controversies. Whenthese controversies occur, the public at large – as a media audience – faces a paradoxicalsituation: on the one hand it must rely on the expertise of scientists as represented in themass media, but on the other it is confused by competing expert claims in the absence ofany clear-cut standard to judge these claims. The question then arises, what expertise canthe public trust? I argue that expert controversies cannot be settled by appealing to neutral,impartial expertise, because each use of expert knowledge in applied contexts is inextri-cably bound up with normative and evaluative assumptions. This value-laden nature ofexpert contributions, however, does not necessarily force us to adopt a relativist conceptionof expert knowledge. Nor does it imply active involvement of ordinary citizens in scientificrisk estimation – as some authors seem to suggest. The value-laden, or partisan, nature ofexpert statements rather requires an unbiased process of expert dispute in which expertsand counter-experts can participate. Moreover, instead of being a reason for discreditingexpert contributions, experts’ commitment may enhance public trustworthiness because itenlarges the scope of perspectives taken into account, to include public concerns. Expertswhosharethesameworriesas(someof)thepubliccouldbeexpected tovoicetheseworriesat the level of expert dispute. Thus, a broadly shaped expert dispute, that is accessible toboth proponents and opponents, is a prerequisite for public trust.KEY WORDS: expert controversies, late modern risks, public trustINTRODUCTION: PUBLIC WORRIES, PUBLIC DEPENDENCYThe last decade we have witnessed a remarkable rise of public concerns,covering a wide range of topics. Potential threats to public health causedby BSE, dioxin, or growth hormones, environmental risks arising from thecommercial production of genetically modified crops, as well as climatechanges due to global warming or the thinning of the ozone layer increas-ingly give rise to public arousal and determine the agendas of nationalgovernments and supranational regulatory bodies. These concerns, though,have not solely been directed at governmental policies, but also at thefunctioning of private and, as it seems, especially multinational enterprisessuch as the oil company Shell or the leading biotechnology firm Monsanto.Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 17: 113–130, 2004.© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.

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