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2017 年河北师范大学外国语言学及应用语言学英语语言文学专业综合复试之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷?一? 说明?本资料为 2017 复试学员内部使用?终极模拟预测押题?实战检测复试复习效果。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Assimilation 【答案】 It is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. It is often used synonymously with coarticulation. Nasalization, dentalization and?velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation : if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, it is regressive assimilation; the converse process, in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound, is known as progressive assimilation. For example, in “mink”?“n”?which is originally pronounced as will be velarized by the following “k”/k/?and therefore the word will be pronounced as 2? Speech and thought presentation 【答案】 Speech and thought presentation: These two terms are used for the language in fiction, referring to the presenting forms for indicating the narrator?s speech or thought. The speech presentation may have the following four possibilities: direct speech, indirect speech, narrator?s representation of speech acts, and narrator?s representation of speech. The Thought presentation can also be categorized into: narrator?s representation of thought, narrator?s representation of thought acts, indirect thought, free indirect thought, and direct thought. 3? Lexical relations 【答案】 There are several types of lexical relations concerning the sense of the words. Those are synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, polysemy, homonymy, and so on. ?a? Synonymy refers to the sameness relation; “autum”, and “full” are synonyms, for example, ?b? Antonymy refers to the oppositeness relation; for example, “buy” and “sell” are antonyms, ?c? Hyponymy refers to the inclusiveness relation; for example, “apple” is a hyponym of “fruit”, ?d? Polysemy means one word that has more than one related meaning?and “bank”?as an example, is a polysemous word. ?e? Homonymy refers to the relation of two different words which are identical either in sound, or spelling, or both, such as “bow” ?bau? and “bow” ?b?u?. 4? subordination 【答案】 Subordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other. Thus the subordinate constituents are words which modify the Head. Consequently, they can be called modifiers. In the phrase swimming in the lake, swimming is the head and in the lake are the words modifying the head.