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REVIEWwww.rsc.org/npr | Natural Product ReportsMarine natural productsJohn W. Blunt,*aBrent R. Copp,bWan-Ping Hu,aMurray H. G. Munro,aPeter T. NorthcotecandMich` ele R. PrinsepdReceived(in Cambridge, UK) 26th October 2007First publishedas an Advance Article on the web 3rdJanuary 2008DOI: 10.1039/b701534hCovering: 2006. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2007, 24, 31This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marinemicroorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans,molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together withtheir relevant biological activities, source organisms and country oforigin. Biosynthetic studies, firstsyntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision ofstructures or stereochemistries, have been included.123456789101112131415IntroductionReviewsMarine microorganisms and phytoplanktonGreen algaeBrown algaeRed algaeSpongesCnidaria (coelenterates)BryozoansMolluscsTunicates (ascidians)EchinodermsMiscellaneousConclusionReferences1IntroductionThis review is of the literature for 2006 and describes 779 newcompounds from 283 articles, a decrease of∼4% from the numberof compounds reported for 2005. As in previous reviews, thestructures are shown only for new compounds, or for previouslyreported compounds where there has been a structural revisionor a newly established stereochemistry. Previously reported com-pounds for which first syntheses or new bioactivities are describedare referenced, but separate structures are generally not shown.No reference is made in the text to the establishment of absolutestereochemistry when standard methods (e.g. Mosher, Marfey, X-ray crystallography) have been used, unless there are some unusualfeatures associated with the use of these techniques. However,where such determinations have been made for a compound theaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NewZealand. E-mail: john.blunt@canterbury.ac.nzbDepartment ofChemistry, University ofAuckland, Auckland, New ZealandcSchool ofChemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University ofWelling-ton, Wellington, New ZealanddDepartment ofChemistry, University ofWaikato, Hamilton, New Zealandidentifying diagram number is distinguished by addition of a †symbol. Stereochemistries shown forcompounds not labelled with† should be assumed to be relative.It is with great sadness that we note the passing of ProfessorRichard E. Moore, University of Hawaii, another pioneer in thefield of marine natural products, who died 11 December, 2007.ProfessorMoorewilllongberememberedforhismomentousworkon the structure of palytoxin and his extensive investigations oncyanobacteria(blue-green algae) as sources ofpotentialanticancercompounds such as the cryptophycins.2ReviewsTwo general annual reviews of marine natural products werepublished, one covering selected papers from 2005,1the other acomprehensive coverage of the 2004 literature.2The continuedand growing interest in the development of marine naturalproducts as drug candidates has resulted in numerous reviews.3–9The association of marine natural products with specifictypes of bioactivity is reviewed in papers on antiplasmodial,10biofouling,11,12tumour-promoting,13inflammatory,15antitubercular,16anticancer,17and antitumour18activities. Several reviews cover the chemistry and bioactivitiesof compounds from various organism types including Indianmarine algae,19South China Sea invertebrates,20symbionts,21andmarineorganism-associatedwith additional references noted in the appropriate sectionsthatfollow.Specificclassesorganisms have been reviewed for spongian diterpenoids,23sesquiterpenehydroquinones,24heterocyclesfromcyanobacteria,25indolocarbazoles,26astaxanthin,27compounds,28invertebrate pigments,29imidazole, oxazole andthiazole alkaloids,30polyether compounds,31terpenoids,33trisoxazole macrolides,34alkaloids,35diterpenoids,36andtoxins from diverse sources such as cnidaria,38Conus spp.39,40and microorganisms41–45have been reviewed, with additionalreferences noted in the appropriate sections that follow. There hasantileukaemic,14anti-bacterialmicrobes,22of compoundsfrom marinebioactive sulfur-containingdysiherbaine,32bioactive heterocyclicsesquiterpenoids.37MarineThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2008Nat. Prod. Rep., 2008, 25, 35–94 | 35