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    188宝金博页面版: 热处理手册III（2-2）

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    内容提示： Increased ductility and toughness as well as increased bendability and fatigue life are thestrongest reasons to apply austempering instead of hardening and tempering. Figure 6.150shows the relation of impact toughness and Brinell hardness (HB) of a Cr–Mn–Si steel afterconventional hardening and tempering and after austempering, as a function of temperingtemperature and austempering temperature, respectively. The most important difference isthat a good combination of hardness and toughness after conventio...

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：412 | 浏览次数：137 | 上传日期：2012-04-29 06:55:01 | 文档星级：
    Increased ductility and toughness as well as increased bendability and fatigue life are thestrongest reasons to apply austempering instead of hardening and tempering. Figure 6.150shows the relation of impact toughness and Brinell hardness (HB) of a Cr–Mn–Si steel afterconventional hardening and tempering and after austempering, as a function of temperingtemperature and austempering temperature, respectively. The most important difference isthat a good combination of hardness and toughness after conventional hardening andtempering is possible only at high tempering temperatures, which means low hardness,whereas at austempering a good combination of hardness and impact toughness may beachieved at high hardness values.Another comparison of impact toughness of a carbon steel after hardening and temperingand after austempering, as a function of hardness, is shown in Figure 6.151. It is evident thataustempering yields much better impact toughness, especially at high hardness, around 50HRC. It is necessary to emphasize that high toughness after austempering is possible onlyunder conditions of complete transformation of austenite to bainite. Table 6.7 shows acomparison of some mechanical properties of austempered and of hardened and temperedbars made of AISI 1090 steel. In spite of having a little higher tensile strength and hardness,austempered specimens have had remarkably higher elongation, reduction of area, andfatigue life.Figure 6.152 shows the fatigue diagram of DIN 30SiMnCr4 steel after conventionalhardening and tempering and after austempering. The increase in fatigue resistance valuesis especially remarkable for notched specimens.Regarding bendability, Figure 6.153, from an early work of Davenport [30], shows theresults of bending a carbon steel wire austempered and hardened and tempered to 50 HRC.When selecting a steel for austempering, IT diagrams should be consulted. The suitabilityof a steel for austempering is limited first of all with minimum incubation time (the distance ofthe transformation start curve from the ordinate). Another limitation may be the very longtransformation time. Figure 6.154 shows the transformation characteristics of four AISIgrades of steel in relation to their suitability for austempering. The AISI 1080 steel has onlylimited suitability for austempering (i.e., may be used only for very thin cross sections)AustemperingAustempering temperature, CHardness HBImpact toughness, kg/cm260055050045040035030025020014121086420250 300 350 400ImpacttoughnessHardnessHardening and temperingTempering temperature, C300 400 500 550 600HardnessImpacttoughnessFIGURE 6.150 Impact toughness and hardness (HB) of five heats of a Cr–Mn–Si steel after conven-tional hardening and tempering and after austempering, as a function of tempering temperature andaustempering temperature, respectively. (From F.W. Eysell, Z. TZ Prakt. Metallbearb. 66:94–99, 1972[in German].)ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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