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    188宝金博页面版: Phylogeography of South European mammals

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    内容提示： Chapter 3Phylogeography of South European mammalsEttore RandiE-mail: met0217@iperbole.bo.itAbstract Current distributions and the structure of natural biomes in Europe have been largely affectedby the Quaternary glaciations, which were prevalent for ca. 80% of the past two milion years.The evolutionary consequences of the Pleistocene climatic changes, the location of refugiain southern Eurasia, and their roles as generators of biodiversity for the entire continent, arestill debated. Paleoecological and mol...

    文档格式：PDF | 页数：26 | 浏览次数：17 | 上传日期：2018-04-18 13:04:48 | 文档星级：
    Chapter 3Phylogeography of South European mammalsEttore RandiE-mail: met0217@iperbole.bo.itAbstract Current distributions and the structure of natural biomes in Europe have been largely affectedby the Quaternary glaciations, which were prevalent for ca. 80% of the past two milion years.The evolutionary consequences of the Pleistocene climatic changes, the location of refugiain southern Eurasia, and their roles as generators of biodiversity for the entire continent, arestill debated. Paleoecological and molecular findings suggested that both Mediterranean andnon-Mediterranean Eurasian refuges likely hosted temperate species during the last glacia-tions. Additionally, the occurrence of cryptic northern refugia was recently postulated. Thebiogeography, taxonomy and conservation biology of southern European mammals will takeadvantage of the information stemming from phylogeographic research. In this paper I willdraft the main climatic events that determined the paleoecology of southern Europe during theLate Pleistocene, I will review the assumptions and consequences of alternative phylogeo-graphic models, and discuss some case studies of mammalian species.Keywords : phylogeography, southern Europe, Pleistocene, refugia, hedgehogs, woodmouse, brown bear, Mus, chamois, Italian hare, wolves1. Quaternary climatic changes and the distribution of biodiversity in southern EuropePleistocene climatic changes have deeply affected the patterns of biodiver-sity in the Palaearctic Region (Hewitt 2000). The repeated cycles of climaticcooling and warming,which were particularly intense during the last 700 kyr(kyr = thousand years), determined the expansion or the contraction of theArctic and Alpine ice caps. At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 20-14 kyrbefore present (BP), the average soil temperatures were 10-20°C lower thanpresent, permafrost extended to southern France and Germany, and huge icecaps covered the Pyrenees and the Alps. The last deglaciation phase in Europebegan ca. 14 kyr BP,but the climatic amelioration was interrupted by a steepreversal, the Younger Dryas (ca. 10.5 kyr BP), a cold and dry stage that pro-S. Weiss and N. Ferrand (eds.), Phylogeography of Southern European Refugia 101 126. ,101-© 2007 Springer.

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