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Nutrients 2020, 12, 1216; doi:10.3390/nu12051216 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Article Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors (KABs) among Victorian Adults Following 22-Months of a Consumer Awareness Campaign Carley A. Grimes 1 , Durreajam Khokhar 1 , Kristy A. Bolton 2, *, Kathy Trieu 3 , Jane Potter 4 , Chelsea Davidson 5 , Elizabeth K. Dunford 3,6 , Stephen Jan 3, Mark Woodward 3,7 , Bruce Bolam 8 , Bruce Neal 3 , Caryl Nowson 1 and Jacqui Webster 3 1 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; carley.grimes@deakin.edu.au (C.A.G.); a.khokhar@deakin.edu.au (D.K.); caryl.nowson@deakin.edu.au (C.N.) 2 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia 3 The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2050, Australia; ktrieu@georgeinstitute.org.au (K.T.); edunford@georgeinstitute.org.au (E.K.D.); sjan@georgeinstitute.org (S.J.); markw@georgeinstitute.org.au (M.W.); bneal@georgeinstitute.org.au (B.N.); jwebster@georgeinstitute.org.au (J.W.) 4 Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), Melbourne VIC 3053, Australia; jpotter@vichealth.vic.gov.au 5 Heart Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Chelsea.Davidson@heartfoundation.org.au 6 Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 7 The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2BQ, UK 8 Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; bruce.bolam@dhhs.vic.gov.au * Correspondence: k.bolton@deakin.edu.au Received: 11 March 2020; Accepted: 20 April 2020; Published: 26 April 2020 Abstract: The Australian population consumes more salt than recommended and this increases the risk of raised blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. In 2015, a state-wide initiative was launched in the Australian state of Victoria to reduce population salt intake. This study examines whether salt-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KABs) of Victorian adults changed following the first 22 months of a consumer awareness campaign targeting parents. Repeated cross-sectional surveys of adults (18–65 years) recruited from research panels. Analyses were weighted to reflect the Victorian population. In both surveys mean age of participants (1584 in 2015 and 2141 in 2018) was 41 years, and 51% were female. This includes 554 parents/caregivers in 2015 and 799 in 2018. Most indicators of KAB remained unchanged. Among parents/caregivers the percentage who agreed limiting salt in their child’s diet was important increased by 8% (P = 0.001), and there was a 10% reduction in the percentage who reported placing a saltshaker on the table and a 9% reduction in those who reported their child added salt at the table (both P < 0.001). Some small adverse effects on other indicators were also observed. During the first 22 months of a salt reduction consumer awareness campaign, there were limited changes in KAB overall, however the target audience reported positive changes regarding their children, which aligned with the campaign messages. Keywords: salt; sodium; knowledge; attitude; behavior; parents; Australia 1. Introduction