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Designation: D5527 − 23Standard Practices forMeasuring Surface Wind and Temperature by AcousticMeans 1This standard is issued under the f i xed designation D5527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices cover procedures for measuring one-,two-, or three-dimensional vector wind components and sonictemperature by means of commercially available sonicanemometer/thermometers that employ the inverse time mea-surement technique. These practices apply to the measurementof wind velocity components over horizontal terrain usinginstruments mounted on stationary towers. These practices alsoapply to speed of sound measurements that are converted tosonic temperatures but do not apply to the measurement oftemperature using ancillary temperature devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards: 2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD4230 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with Cooled-Surface Condensation (Dew-Point) HygrometerE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units (SI): The Modern MetricSystem3. Terminology3.1 Def i nitions—Refer to Terminology D1356 for commonterminology.3.2 Def i nitions of Terms Specif i c to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance angle (6α, deg), n—the angular distance,centered on the array axis of symmetry, over which thefollowing conditions are met: (a) wind components are unam-biguously def i ned, and (b) f l ow across the transducers isunobstructed or remains within the angular range for whichtransducer shadow corrections are def i ned.3.2.2 acoustic pathlength (d, (m)), n—the distance betweentransducer transmitter-receiver pairs.3.2.3 sampling period(s), n—the length or time interval overwhich data collection occurs.3.2.4 sampling rate (Hz), n—the rate at which data collec-tion occurs, usually presented in samples per second or Hertz.3.2.5 sonic anemometer/thermometer, n—an instrumentconsisting of a transducer array containing paired sets ofacoustic transmitters and receivers, a system clock, and micro-processor circuitry to measure intervals of time betweentransmission and reception of sound pulses.3.2.5.1 Discussion—The fundamental measurement unit istransit time. With transit time and a known acoustic pathlength,velocity or speed of sound, or both, can be calculated.Instrument output is a series of quasi-instantaneous velocitycomponent readings along each axis or speed of sound, or both.The speed of sound and velocity components may be used tocompute sonic temperature (T s ), to describe the mean windf i eld, or to compute f l uxes, variances, and turbulence intensi-ties.1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5527 – 00 (2017) ?1 .DOI: 10.1520/D5527-23.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1