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Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3Eur J Appl Physiol (2017) 117:2321–2333 DOI 10.1007/s00421-017-3719-5ORIGINAL ARTICLEA comparison of isomaltulose versus maltodextrin ingestion during soccer-specif i c exerciseEmma J. Stevenson 1  · Anthony Watson 2  · Stephan Theis 3  · Anja Holz 3  · Liam D. Harper 4  · Mark Russell 5  Received: 31 March 2017 / Accepted: 12 September 2017 / Published online: 19 September 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publicationand 90 min versus maltodextrin (P < 0.05). A decline in glycaemia at 60 min in maltodextrin was attenuated with isomaltulose (−19 versus −4%; P = 0.015). Carbohydrates attenuated elevations in plasma epinephrine concentrations (P < 0.05), but isomaltulose proved most ef f ective at 90 and 120 min. Carbohydrates did not attenuate IL-6 increases or reductions in physical or technical performances (all P > 0.05). Ratings of abdominal discomfort were inf l uenced by trial (P < 0.05) with lower values for both carbohydrates compared to PLA from 60 min onwards.Conclusions Although carbohydrates (~ 20 g h −1 ) did not attenuate performance reductions throughout prolonged soccer-specif i c exercise, isomaltulose maintained higher blood glucose at 75–90 min, lessened the magnitude of the exercise-induced rebound glycaemic response and attenuated epinephrine increases whilst maintaining similar abdomi-nal discomfort values relative to maltodextrin. When limited opportunities exist to consume carbohydrates on competi-tion-day, low-glycaemic isomaltulose may of f er an alterna-tive nutritional strategy for exercising soccer players.Keywords Extra-time · Football · Half-time · Carbohydrate · Rebound hypoglycaemiaAbbreviationsANOVA Analysis of varianceCV Coef f i cient of variationELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayGI Glycaemic indexHR Heart rateHT Half timeIL6 Interleuken-6LSD Least signif i cant dif f erenceMDX MaltodextrinMJ MegajoulesAbstract Purpose The performance and physiological ef f ects of iso-maltulose and maltodextrin consumed intermittently during prolonged soccer-specif i c exercise were investigated.Methods University soccer players (n = 22) performed 120 min of intermittent exercise while consuming 8% carbo-hydrate–electrolyte drinks (equivalent to ~ 20 g h −1 ) contain-ing maltodextrin (Glycaemic Index: 90–100), isomaltulose (Glycaemic Index: 32) or a carbohydrate-energy-free pla-cebo in a manner replicating the practices of soccer players (i.e., during warm-up and half-time). Physical (sprinting, jumping) and technical (shooting, dribbling) performance was assessed.Results Blood glucose and plasma insulin (both P < 0.001) concentrations varied by trial with isomaltulose maintain-ing > 13% higher blood glucose concentrations between 75 Communicated by Peter Krustrup.The original version of this article was revised due to a retrospective Open Access order. * Mark Russell m.russell@leedstrinity.ac.uk1 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK2 Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK3 BENEO-Institute, Obrigheim/Pfalz, Wormserstrasse 11, Obrigheim 67283, Germany4 Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersf i eld, Huddersf i eld, UK5 School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK