RESEARCH ARTICLEWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes fractions potentiallynormalize the lead (Pb) poisoning and enhancein vitro thrombolysisA. M. Abu Ahmed 1 & Sarowar Jahan Khan 1 & Nipun Mojumder 1 & Farjana Sharmin 1 &Atiar Rahman 2 & Muhammad Abu Bakar 3 & J.M. Kamirul Hasan Chowdhury 2 &Mohammad Ali Azadi 4Received: 30 January 2016 /Accepted: 26 September 2016 /Published online: 11 October 2016# Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016Abstract Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has beenused in phytoextraction to uptake heavy metals and trace ele-ments in various experiments. This research investigated theprotective effects of Water hyacinth extracts on Lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in the albino rat. Forty-eight six-weeks-oldWistar albino male rats (average weight, 180 ± 6.45 g) weredivided into six groups: normal control (NC), Pb control(PbC), Chloroform extract (ChEx), Ethyl acetate extract(EAEx), Methanol extract (MeEx) and Ascorbic acid treatedgroups (AA, positive control). All animals except NC grouphave been administered with Lead acetate (Pb(CH 3 COOH) 2 )before the therapeutic dose. Thrombolytic and cytotoxic ef-fects were evaluated by modified clot lysis and Brine shrimplethality tests respectively. Biochemical analyses reports re-vealedthatChExsignificantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the elevatedalkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate amino transferase(AST)whereasMeExdidthealanineaminotransferase(ALT)incomparisontopositivecontrol.ChExsignificantlyinhibitedthe Pb deposition in kidney and liver than two other extracts.ChEx significantly increased the liver protein compared toPbC group. In the thrombolytic assay, EAEx showed the pro-nounced clot lysis (49.24 %) while ChEx and MeEx showed45.18 % and 29.13 % of clot lysis respectively. In Brineshrimp lethality bioassay, the LC 50 value of the ChEx,EAExandMeExwere4.16,4.47and9.27μg/mgrespectivelyandvalueswerestatisticallysignificant(p<0.05)comparedtothat of reference cytotoxic agent, Vincristine sulfate (LC 50’0.55). Histopathological screening of kidney, liver andspleen showed that ethyl acetate extract recovered thehighest of the cellular damage caused by Lead acetate.Biochemical and histopathological screening, therefore,demonstrate that Water hyacinth could be one of thepromising sources of normalizing the Pb-poisoning andenhancing the thrombolysis in an animal model.Therapeutic prospects of Water hyacinth could be furtherstudied through highlighting a dose-response study.Keywords Eichhorniacrassipes . Leadpoisoning .Thrombolysis . Cytotoxicity* Atiar Rahmanatiar@cu.ac.bdA. M. Abu Ahmedabugeb@cu.ac.bdSarowar Jahan Khansjkhan.geb.cu@gmail.comNipun Mojumdergebnipun2010@ymail.comFarjana Sharminfscu_geb10@yahoo.comMuhammad Abu Bakarabubakar@yahoo.comJ.M. Kamirul Hasan Chowdhuryrishat.bmb@gmail.comMohammad Ali Azadimaazadi@yahoo.com1Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty ofBiological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong -4331,Bangladesh2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty ofBiological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong -4331,Bangladesh3Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSRI),Chittagong -4220, Bangladesh4DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofChittagong,Chittagong-4331,BangladeshOrient Pharm Exp Med (2016) 16:321–331DOI 10.1007/s13596-016-0243-9Online ISSN 2211-1069Print ISSN 1598-2386
