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Pagination versus Scrolling in Mobile Web SearchJaewon Kim † , Paul Thomas §† , Ramesh Sankaranarayana † , Tom Gedeon † , Hwan-Jin Yoon ¶† Research School of Computer Science, ¶ Statistical Consulting UnitThe Australian National UniversityCanberra, Australia{jaewon.kim, ramesh.sankaranarayana, tom.gedeon, hwan-jin.yoon}@anu.edu.au§ MicrosoftCanberra, Australiapathom@microsoft.comABSTRACTVertical scrolling is the standard method of exploring searchresults pages. For touch-enabled mobile devices that are notequipped with a mouse or keyboard, we adopt other meth-ods of controlling the viewport with the aim of investigatinguser interaction. From the intuition that people are used toreading books by turning pages horizontally, we conducteda user experiment to investigate the ef f ects of horizontaland vertical control types (pagination versus scrolling) ona touch-enabled mobile phone. Our f i ndings suggest thatparticipants using pagination were more likely to f i nd rele-vant documents, especially those over the fold; spent moretime attending to relevant results; and were faster to clickwhile spending less time on the search result pages overall.We also found that the main reason for the dif f erence insearch speed is the time taken for the scroll itself. We con-clude that search engines need to provide dif f erent viewportcontrols to allow better search experiences on touch-enabledmobile devices.KeywordsScroll ef f ect; pagination; mobile device; user study1. INTRODUCTIONIn the interest of enhancing the user search experience, anumber of studies have investigated user interactions withelements of the search engine results pages (SERPs) on desk-top monitors by evaluating search performance, behaviour,and user satisfaction. Researchers have studied user inter-action under the standard conditions provided by searchengines [9, 12, 20], manipulated elements of SERPs (e.g.,length of snippets and rank order) [5, 10, 12, 16], and clas-sif i ed task types according to the search goals [3, 20]. Theresults of these studies have led to better SERP interfaces,and a number of search engines have incorporated some ofPermission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal orclassroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributedfor prof i t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full cita-tion on the f i rst page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others thanACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or re-publish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specif i c permissionand/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org.CIKM’16 , October 24-28, 2016, Indianapolis, IN, USAc ? 2016 ACM. ISBN 978-1-4503-4073-1/16/10...$15.00DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2983323.2983720Figure 1: Example of two subsequent pages of aSERP with the horizontal control type.these suggestions into their design. Although several stud-ies have indicated that the use of a scroll function is closelyrelated to search performance and behaviour [5, 9, 12, 16],people must still scroll through SERPs to see beyond thepage folds.In recent years, web search has become one of the most im-portant activities conducted on mobile devices [1]. However,relatively few studies have considered user interaction whenconducting web search on touch-enabled mobile devices [11,17, 18, 19]. Compared to scrolling on desktop monitors,screens for smartphones need to be scrolled more becausethey have less visible space, and the ef f ect of scrolling maybe more important because users need to cover part of thescreen with their f i ngers while scrolling.To initiate a scroll event on a touch screen, users dragtheir f i ngers vertically to produce a similar ef f ect to spin-ning a mouse wheel, holding and dragging the scroll bar, orusing the page up/down keys on desktops. To the best ofour knowledge, vertical scrolling is the only option providedby all search engines to control SERPs on touch-enabledmobile devices. However, people are familiar with turning751