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2017 年华东理工大学外国语学院语言学知识考研复试核心题库?一? 说明?本资料为学员内部使用?整理汇编了 2017 考研复试重点题及历年复试常考题型。 ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms 1? Interlanguage 【答案】 It refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It?s a language system between the target language and the learner?s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner^ native language. For example, when the Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like “to touch the society”. 2? Functional Sentence Perspective ?FSP? 【答案】 It is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to art analysis of utterances ?or texts? in terms of the information they contain. The principle is that the role of each utterance part is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole. 3? Conversational implicature 【答案】 Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. For example, the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics of a tiger. 4? Speech community 【答案】 Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon, distinct social groups like high school students or hip-pop fans. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums, often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group's special purposes and priorities. 5? Government 【答案】 Government is another type of control over the forms of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions. It differs from concord in that this is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the forms of others in terms of certain category. In English, for example, the pronoun after a verb or a preposition should be in the object form as in She gave him a book. She gave a book to him. In other words, the verb, or the preposition, determines, or governs, the form of the pronoun after it. 6? Design features 【答案】 Design features : It refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.